SleuthkitCase.java

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/*
 * Sleuth Kit Data Model
 *
 * Copyright 2011-2021 Basis Technology Corp.
 * Contact: carrier <at> sleuthkit <dot> org
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.sleuthkit.datamodel;

import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DataSources;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.PooledDataSource;
import com.zaxxer.sparsebits.SparseBitSet;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.MissingResourceException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.postgresql.util.PSQLState;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.BlackboardArtifact.Category;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.IngestJobInfo.IngestJobStatusType;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.IngestModuleInfo.IngestModuleType;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle.AddImageProcess;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.DbType;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.FileKnown;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.ObjectType;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM;
import org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskData.TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM;
import org.sqlite.SQLiteConfig;
import org.sqlite.SQLiteDataSource;
import org.sqlite.SQLiteJDBCLoader;

public class SleuthkitCase {

        private static final int MAX_DB_NAME_LEN_BEFORE_TIMESTAMP = 47;

        static final CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber CURRENT_DB_SCHEMA_VERSION
                        = new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(9, 1);

        private static final long BASE_ARTIFACT_ID = Long.MIN_VALUE; // Artifact ids will start at the lowest negative value
        private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SleuthkitCase.class.getName());
        private static final ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("org.sleuthkit.datamodel.Bundle");
        private static final int IS_REACHABLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_CONNECTION_GROUP = "08";
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP = "28";
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_PRIVILEGE_GROUP = "42";
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_RESOURCE_GROUP = "53";
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_LIMIT_GROUP = "54";
        private static final String SQL_ERROR_INTERNAL_GROUP = "xx";
        private static final int MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID = 10000;

        private static final Set<String> CORE_TABLE_NAMES = ImmutableSet.of(
                        "tsk_events",
                        "tsk_event_descriptions",
                        "tsk_event_types",
                        "tsk_db_info",
                        "tsk_objects",
                        "tsk_image_info",
                        "tsk_image_names",
                        "tsk_vs_info",
                        "tsk_vs_parts",
                        "tsk_fs_info",
                        "tsk_file_layout",
                        "tsk_files",
                        "tsk_files_path",
                        "tsk_files_derived",
                        "tsk_files_derived_method",
                        "tag_names",
                        "content_tags",
                        "blackboard_artifact_tags",
                        "blackboard_artifacts",
                        "blackboard_attributes",
                        "blackboard_artifact_types",
                        "blackboard_attribute_types",
                        "data_source_info",
                        "file_encoding_types",
                        "ingest_module_types",
                        "ingest_job_status_types",
                        "ingest_modules",
                        "ingest_jobs",
                        "ingest_job_modules",
                        "account_types",
                        "accounts",
                        "account_relationships",
                        "review_statuses",
                        "reports,");

        private static final Set<String> CORE_INDEX_NAMES = ImmutableSet.of(
                        "parObjId",
                        "layout_objID",
                        "artifact_objID",
                        "artifact_artifact_objID",
                        "artifact_typeID",
                        "attrsArtifactID",
                        "mime_type",
                        "file_extension",
                        "relationships_account1",
                        "relationships_account2",
                        "relationships_relationship_source_obj_id",
                        "relationships_date_time",
                        "relationships_relationship_type",
                        "relationships_data_source_obj_id",
                        "events_time",
                        "events_type",
                        "events_data_source_obj_id",
                        "events_file_obj_id",
                        "events_artifact_id");

        private static final String TSK_VERSION_KEY = "TSK_VER";
        private static final String SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY = "SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION";
        private static final String SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY = "SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION";
        private static final String CREATION_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY = "CREATION_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION";
        private static final String CREATION_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY = "CREATION_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION";

        private final ConnectionPool connections;
        private final Object carvedFileDirsLock = new Object();
        private final Map<Long, VirtualDirectory> rootIdsToCarvedFileDirs = new HashMap<>();
        private final Map<Long, FileSystem> fileSystemIdMap = new HashMap<>(); // Cache for file system files.
        private final List<ErrorObserver> sleuthkitCaseErrorObservers = new ArrayList<>();
        private final String databaseName;
        private final String dbPath;
        private final DbType dbType;
        private final String caseDirPath;
        private SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle;
        private final String caseHandleIdentifier; // Used to identify this case in the JNI cache.
        private String dbBackupPath;
        private Map<Integer, BlackboardArtifact.Type> typeIdToArtifactTypeMap;
        private Map<Integer, BlackboardAttribute.Type> typeIdToAttributeTypeMap;
        private Map<String, BlackboardArtifact.Type> typeNameToArtifactTypeMap;
        private Map<String, BlackboardAttribute.Type> typeNameToAttributeTypeMap;
        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber caseDBSchemaCreationVersion;

        // Objects for caching the result of isRootDirectory(). Lock is for visibility only.
        private final Object rootDirectoryMapLock = new Object();
        private final Map<RootDirectoryKey, Long> rootDirectoryMap = new HashMap<>();
        private final Cache<Long, Boolean> isRootDirectoryCache
                        = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().maximumSize(200000).expireAfterAccess(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES).build();

        /*
         * First parameter is used to specify the SparseBitSet to use, as object IDs
         * can be larger than the max size of a SparseBitSet
         */
        private final Map<Long, SparseBitSet> hasChildrenBitSetMap = new HashMap<>();

        private long nextArtifactId; // Used to ensure artifact ids come from the desired range.
        // This read/write lock is used to implement a layer of locking on top of
        // the locking protocol provided by the underlying SQLite database. The Java
        // locking protocol improves performance for reasons that are not currently
        // understood. Note that the lock is contructed to use a fairness policy.
        private final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);

        private CommunicationsManager communicationsMgr;
        private TimelineManager timelineMgr;
        private Blackboard blackboard;
        private CaseDbAccessManager dbAccessManager;
        private FileManager fileManager;
        private TaggingManager taggingMgr;
        private ScoringManager scoringManager;
        private OsAccountRealmManager osAccountRealmManager;
        private OsAccountManager osAccountManager;
        private HostManager hostManager;
        private PersonManager personManager;
        private HostAddressManager hostAddressManager;

        private final Map<String, Set<Long>> deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap = new HashMap<>();

        private final EventBus eventBus = new EventBus("SleuthkitCase-EventBus");

        public void registerForEvents(Object listener) {
                eventBus.register(listener);
        }

        public void unregisterForEvents(Object listener) {
                eventBus.unregister(listener);
        }

        void fireTSKEvent(Object event) {
                eventBus.post(event);
        }

        // Cache of frequently used content objects (e.g. data source, file system).
        private final Map<Long, Content> frequentlyUsedContentMap = new HashMap<>();

        private Examiner cachedCurrentExaminer = null;

        static {
                Properties p = new Properties(System.getProperties());
                p.put("com.mchange.v2.log.MLog", "com.mchange.v2.log.FallbackMLog");
                p.put("com.mchange.v2.log.FallbackMLog.DEFAULT_CUTOFF_LEVEL", "SEVERE");
                System.setProperties(p);
        }

        public static void tryConnect(CaseDbConnectionInfo info) throws TskCoreException {
                // Check if we can talk to the database.
                if (info.getHost() == null || info.getHost().isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.MissingHostname")); //NON-NLS
                } else if (info.getPort() == null || info.getPort().isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.MissingPort")); //NON-NLS
                } else if (info.getUserName() == null || info.getUserName().isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.MissingUsername")); //NON-NLS
                } else if (info.getPassword() == null || info.getPassword().isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.MissingPassword")); //NON-NLS
                }

                try {
                        Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver"); //NON-NLS
                        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://" + info.getHost() + ":" + info.getPort() + "/postgres", info.getUserName(), info.getPassword()); //NON-NLS
                        if (conn != null) {
                                conn.close();
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        String result;
                        String sqlState = ex.getSQLState().toLowerCase();
                        if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_CONNECTION_GROUP)) {
                                try {
                                        if (InetAddress.getByName(info.getHost()).isReachable(IS_REACHABLE_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
                                                // if we can reach the host, then it's probably port problem
                                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Port"); //NON-NLS
                                        } else {
                                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.HostnameOrPort"); //NON-NLS
                                        }
                                } catch (IOException | MissingResourceException any) {
                                        // it may be anything
                                        result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Everything"); //NON-NLS
                                }
                        } else if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP)) {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Authentication"); //NON-NLS
                        } else if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_PRIVILEGE_GROUP)) {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Access"); //NON-NLS
                        } else if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_RESOURCE_GROUP)) {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.ServerDiskSpace"); //NON-NLS
                        } else if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_LIMIT_GROUP)) {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.ServerRestart"); //NON-NLS
                        } else if (sqlState.startsWith(SQL_ERROR_INTERNAL_GROUP)) {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.InternalServerIssue"); //NON-NLS
                        } else {
                                result = bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Connection"); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        throw new TskCoreException(result);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("DatabaseConnectionCheck.Installation")); //NON-NLS
                }
        }

        private SleuthkitCase(String dbPath, SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle, DbType dbType) throws Exception {
                Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
                this.dbPath = dbPath;
                this.dbType = dbType;
                File dbFile = new File(dbPath);
                this.caseDirPath = dbFile.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath();
                this.databaseName = dbFile.getName();
                this.connections = new SQLiteConnections(dbPath);
                this.caseHandle = caseHandle;
                this.caseHandleIdentifier = caseHandle.getCaseDbIdentifier();
                init();
                logSQLiteJDBCDriverInfo();
        }

        private SleuthkitCase(String host, int port, String dbName, String userName, String password, SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle, String caseDirPath, DbType dbType) throws Exception {
                this.dbPath = "";
                this.databaseName = dbName;
                this.dbType = dbType;
                this.caseDirPath = caseDirPath;
                this.connections = new PostgreSQLConnections(host, port, dbName, userName, password);
                this.caseHandle = caseHandle;
                this.caseHandleIdentifier = caseHandle.getCaseDbIdentifier();
                init();
        }

        private void init() throws Exception {
                typeIdToArtifactTypeMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
                typeIdToAttributeTypeMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
                typeNameToArtifactTypeMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
                typeNameToAttributeTypeMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

                /*
                 * The database schema must be updated before loading blackboard
                 * artifact/attribute types
                 */
                updateDatabaseSchema(null);
                initBlackboardArtifactTypes();
                initBlackboardAttributeTypes();
                initNextArtifactId();

                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection()) {
                        initIngestModuleTypes(connection);
                        initIngestStatusTypes(connection);
                        initReviewStatuses(connection);
                        initEncodingTypes(connection);
                        populateHasChildrenMap(connection);
                        updateExaminers(connection);
                        initDBSchemaCreationVersion(connection);
                }

                blackboard = new Blackboard(this);
                fileManager = new FileManager(this);
                communicationsMgr = new CommunicationsManager(this);
                timelineMgr = new TimelineManager(this);
                dbAccessManager = new CaseDbAccessManager(this);
                taggingMgr = new TaggingManager(this);
                scoringManager = new ScoringManager(this);
                osAccountRealmManager = new OsAccountRealmManager(this);
                osAccountManager = new OsAccountManager(this);
                hostManager = new HostManager(this);
                personManager = new PersonManager(this);
                hostAddressManager = new HostAddressManager(this);
        }

        static Set<String> getCoreTableNames() {
                return CORE_TABLE_NAMES;
        }

        static Set<String> getCoreIndexNames() {
                return CORE_INDEX_NAMES;
        }

        boolean getHasChildren(Content content) {
                long objId = content.getId();
                long mapIndex = objId / Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                int mapValue = (int) (objId % Integer.MAX_VALUE);

                synchronized (hasChildrenBitSetMap) {
                        if (hasChildrenBitSetMap.containsKey(mapIndex)) {
                                return hasChildrenBitSetMap.get(mapIndex).get(mapValue);
                        }
                        return false;
                }
        }

        private void setHasChildren(Long objId) {
                long mapIndex = objId / Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                int mapValue = (int) (objId % Integer.MAX_VALUE);

                synchronized (hasChildrenBitSetMap) {
                        if (hasChildrenBitSetMap.containsKey(mapIndex)) {
                                hasChildrenBitSetMap.get(mapIndex).set(mapValue);
                        } else {
                                SparseBitSet bitSet = new SparseBitSet();
                                bitSet.set(mapValue);
                                hasChildrenBitSetMap.put(mapIndex, bitSet);
                        }
                }
        }

        public CommunicationsManager getCommunicationsManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return communicationsMgr;
        }

        public Blackboard getBlackboard() {
                return blackboard;
        }
        
        public FileManager getFileManager() {
                return fileManager;
        }

        public TimelineManager getTimelineManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return timelineMgr;
        }

        /*
         * Gets the case database access manager for this case.
         *
         * @return The per case CaseDbAccessManager object.
         *
         * @throws org.sleuthkit.datamodel.TskCoreException
         */
        public synchronized CaseDbAccessManager getCaseDbAccessManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return dbAccessManager;
        }

        public synchronized TaggingManager getTaggingManager() {
                return taggingMgr;
        }

        public ScoringManager getScoringManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return scoringManager;
        }

        public OsAccountRealmManager getOsAccountRealmManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return osAccountRealmManager;
        }

        public OsAccountManager getOsAccountManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return osAccountManager;
        }

        public HostManager getHostManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return hostManager;
        }

        public PersonManager getPersonManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return personManager;
        }

        public HostAddressManager getHostAddressManager() throws TskCoreException {
                return hostAddressManager;
        }

        private void initBlackboardArtifactTypes() throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        for (ARTIFACT_TYPE type : ARTIFACT_TYPE.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO blackboard_artifact_types (artifact_type_id, type_name, display_name, category_type) VALUES (" + type.getTypeID() + " , '" + type.getLabel() + "', '" + type.getDisplayName() + "' , " + type.getCategory().getID() + ")"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        try (ResultSet resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifact_types WHERE artifact_type_id = '" + type.getTypeID() + "'")) { //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.next();
                                                if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                        throw ex;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                                this.typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), new BlackboardArtifact.Type(type));
                                this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getLabel(), new BlackboardArtifact.Type(type));
                        }
                        if (dbType == DbType.POSTGRESQL) {
                                int newPrimaryKeyIndex = Collections.max(Arrays.asList(ARTIFACT_TYPE.values())).getTypeID() + 1;
                                statement.execute("ALTER SEQUENCE blackboard_artifact_types_artifact_type_id_seq RESTART WITH " + newPrimaryKeyIndex); //NON-NLS
                        }
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initBlackboardAttributeTypes() throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        for (ATTRIBUTE_TYPE type : ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO blackboard_attribute_types (attribute_type_id, type_name, display_name, value_type) VALUES (" + type.getTypeID() + ", '" + type.getLabel() + "', '" + type.getDisplayName() + "', '" + type.getValueType().getType() + "')"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        try (ResultSet resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE attribute_type_id = '" + type.getTypeID() + "'")) { //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.next();
                                                if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                        throw ex;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                                this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), new BlackboardAttribute.Type(type));
                                this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getLabel(), new BlackboardAttribute.Type(type));
                        }
                        if (this.dbType == DbType.POSTGRESQL) {
                                int newPrimaryKeyIndex = Collections.max(Arrays.asList(ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.values())).getTypeID() + 1;
                                statement.execute("ALTER SEQUENCE blackboard_attribute_types_attribute_type_id_seq RESTART WITH " + newPrimaryKeyIndex); //NON-NLS
                        }
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initNextArtifactId() throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT MAX(artifact_id) AS max_artifact_id FROM blackboard_artifacts"); //NON-NLS
                        resultSet.next();
                        this.nextArtifactId = resultSet.getLong("max_artifact_id") + 1;
                        if (this.nextArtifactId == 1) {
                                this.nextArtifactId = BASE_ARTIFACT_ID;
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private void initIngestModuleTypes(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        for (IngestModuleType type : IngestModuleType.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO ingest_module_types (type_id, type_name) VALUES (" + type.ordinal() + ", '" + type.toString() + "');"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ingest_module_types WHERE type_id = " + type.ordinal() + ";"); //NON-NLS
                                        resultSet.next();
                                        if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                        resultSet.close();
                                        resultSet = null;
                                }
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initIngestStatusTypes(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        for (IngestJobStatusType type : IngestJobStatusType.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO ingest_job_status_types (type_id, type_name) VALUES (" + type.ordinal() + ", '" + type.toString() + "');"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ingest_job_status_types WHERE type_id = " + type.ordinal() + ";"); //NON-NLS
                                        resultSet.next();
                                        if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                        resultSet.close();
                                        resultSet = null;
                                }
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initReviewStatuses(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        for (BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus status : BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO review_statuses (review_status_id, review_status_name, display_name) " //NON-NLS
                                                        + "VALUES (" + status.getID() + ",'" + status.getName() + "','" + status.getDisplayName() + "')"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM review_statuses WHERE review_status_id = " + status.getID()); //NON-NLS
                                        resultSet.next();
                                        if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                        resultSet.close();
                                        resultSet = null;
                                }
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initEncodingTypes(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        for (TskData.EncodingType type : TskData.EncodingType.values()) {
                                try {
                                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO file_encoding_types (encoding_type, name) VALUES (" + type.getType() + " , '" + type.name() + "')"); //NON-NLS
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM file_encoding_types WHERE encoding_type = " + type.getType()); //NON-NLS
                                        resultSet.next();
                                        if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                        resultSet.close();
                                        resultSet = null;
                                }
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void updateExaminers(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {

                String loginName = System.getProperty("user.name");
                if (loginName.isEmpty()) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Cannot determine logged in user name");
                        return;
                }

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_EXAMINER_POSTGRESQL);
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_EXAMINER_SQLITE);
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unknown DB Type: " + getDatabaseType().name());
                        }
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, loginName);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error inserting row in tsk_examiners. login name: " + loginName, ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void populateHasChildrenMap(CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException {
                long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select distinct par_obj_id from tsk_objects"); //NON-NLS

                        synchronized (hasChildrenBitSetMap) {
                                while (resultSet.next()) {
                                        setHasChildren(resultSet.getLong("par_obj_id"));
                                }
                        }
                        long delay = System.currentTimeMillis() - timestamp;
                        logger.log(Level.INFO, "Time to initialize parent node cache: {0} ms", delay); //NON-NLS
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error populating parent node cache", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void addDataSourceToHasChildrenMap() throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                try {
                        populateHasChildrenMap(connection);
                } finally {
                        closeConnection(connection);
                }
        }

        private void updateDatabaseSchema(String dbPath) throws Exception {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();

                        boolean hasMinorVersion = false;
                        ResultSet columns = connection.getConnection().getMetaData().getColumns(null, null, "tsk_db_info", "schema%");
                        while (columns.next()) {
                                if (columns.getString("COLUMN_NAME").equals("schema_minor_ver")) {
                                        hasMinorVersion = true;
                                }
                        }

                        // Get the schema version number of the case database from the tsk_db_info table.
                        int dbSchemaMajorVersion;
                        int dbSchemaMinorVersion = 0; //schemas before 7 have no minor version , default it to zero.

                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT schema_ver"
                                        + (hasMinorVersion ? ", schema_minor_ver" : "")
                                        + " FROM tsk_db_info"); //NON-NLS
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                dbSchemaMajorVersion = resultSet.getInt("schema_ver"); //NON-NLS
                                if (hasMinorVersion) {
                                        //if there is a minor version column, use it, else default to zero.
                                        dbSchemaMinorVersion = resultSet.getInt("schema_minor_ver"); //NON-NLS
                                }
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException();
                        }
                        CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber dbSchemaVersion = new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(dbSchemaMajorVersion, dbSchemaMinorVersion);

                        resultSet.close();
                        resultSet = null;
                        statement.close();
                        statement = null;
                        //check schema compatibility
                        if (false == CURRENT_DB_SCHEMA_VERSION.isCompatible(dbSchemaVersion)) {
                                //we cannot open a db with a major schema version higher than the current one.
                                throw new TskUnsupportedSchemaVersionException(
                                                "Unsupported DB schema version " + dbSchemaVersion + ", the highest supported schema version is " + CURRENT_DB_SCHEMA_VERSION.getMajor() + ".X");
                        } else if (dbSchemaVersion.compareTo(CURRENT_DB_SCHEMA_VERSION) < 0) {
                                //The schema version is compatible,possibly after upgrades.

                                if (null != dbPath) {
                                        // Make a backup copy of the database. Client code can get the path of the backup
                                        // using the getBackupDatabasePath() method.
                                        String backupFilePath = dbPath + ".schemaVer" + dbSchemaVersion.toString() + ".backup"; //NON-NLS
                                        copyCaseDB(backupFilePath);
                                        dbBackupPath = backupFilePath;
                                }

                                // ***CALL SCHEMA UPDATE METHODS HERE***
                                // Each method should examine the schema version passed to it and either:
                                //    a. do nothing and return the schema version unchanged, or
                                //    b. upgrade the database and return the schema version that the db was upgraded to.
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema2toSchema3(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema3toSchema4(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema4toSchema5(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema5toSchema6(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema6toSchema7(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema7toSchema7dot1(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema7dot1toSchema7dot2(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema7dot2toSchema8dot0(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot0toSchema8dot1(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot1toSchema8dot2(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot2toSchema8dot3(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot3toSchema8dot4(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot4toSchema8dot5(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot5toSchema8dot6(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema8dot6toSchema9dot0(dbSchemaVersion, connection);
                                dbSchemaVersion = updateFromSchema9dot0toSchema9dot1(dbSchemaVersion, connection);

                                statement = connection.createStatement();
                                connection.executeUpdate(statement, "UPDATE tsk_db_info SET schema_ver = " + dbSchemaVersion.getMajor() + ", schema_minor_ver = " + dbSchemaVersion.getMinor()); //NON-NLS
                                connection.executeUpdate(statement, "UPDATE tsk_db_info_extended SET value = " + dbSchemaVersion.getMajor() + " WHERE name = '" + SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY + "'"); //NON-NLS
                                connection.executeUpdate(statement, "UPDATE tsk_db_info_extended SET value = " + dbSchemaVersion.getMinor() + " WHERE name = '" + SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY + "'"); //NON-NLS
                                statement.close();
                                statement = null;
                        }

                        connection.commitTransaction();
                } catch (Exception ex) { // Cannot do exception multi-catch in Java 6, so use catch-all.
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw ex;
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void initDBSchemaCreationVersion(CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException {

                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                String createdSchemaMajorVersion = "0";
                String createdSchemaMinorVersion = "0";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT name, value FROM tsk_db_info_extended");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                                if (name.equals(CREATION_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY) || name.equals("CREATED_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION")) {
                                        createdSchemaMajorVersion = resultSet.getString("value");
                                } else if (name.equals(CREATION_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY) || name.equals("CREATED_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION")) {
                                        createdSchemaMinorVersion = resultSet.getString("value");
                                }
                        }

                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

                caseDBSchemaCreationVersion = new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(Integer.parseInt(createdSchemaMajorVersion), Integer.parseInt(createdSchemaMinorVersion));
        }

        public void copyCaseDB(String newDBPath) throws IOException {
                if (dbPath.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new IOException("Copying case database files is not supported for this type of case database"); //NON-NLS
                }
                InputStream in = null;
                OutputStream out = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        InputStream inFile = new FileInputStream(dbPath);
                        in = new BufferedInputStream(inFile);
                        OutputStream outFile = new FileOutputStream(newDBPath);
                        out = new BufferedOutputStream(outFile);
                        int bytesRead = in.read();
                        while (bytesRead != -1) {
                                out.write(bytesRead);
                                bytesRead = in.read();
                        }
                } finally {
                        try {
                                if (in != null) {
                                        in.close();
                                }
                                if (out != null) {
                                        out.flush();
                                        out.close();
                                }
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not close streams after db copy", e); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void logSQLiteJDBCDriverInfo() {
                try {
                        SleuthkitCase.logger.info(String.format("sqlite-jdbc version %s loaded in %s mode", //NON-NLS
                                        SQLiteJDBCLoader.getVersion(), SQLiteJDBCLoader.isNativeMode()
                                        ? "native" : "pure-java")); //NON-NLS
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                        SleuthkitCase.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error querying case database mode", ex);
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema2toSchema3(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 2) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }
                Statement statement = null;
                Statement statement2 = null;
                Statement updateStatement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement2 = connection.createStatement();

                        // Add new tables for tags.
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tag_names (tag_name_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, display_name TEXT UNIQUE, description TEXT NOT NULL, color TEXT NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE content_tags (tag_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL, tag_name_id INTEGER NOT NULL, comment TEXT NOT NULL, begin_byte_offset INTEGER NOT NULL, end_byte_offset INTEGER NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE blackboard_artifact_tags (tag_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, artifact_id INTEGER NOT NULL, tag_name_id INTEGER NOT NULL, comment TEXT NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS

                        // Add a new table for reports.
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE reports (report_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, path TEXT NOT NULL, crtime INTEGER NOT NULL, src_module_name TEXT NOT NULL, report_name TEXT NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS

                        // Add new columns to the image info table.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_image_info ADD COLUMN size INTEGER;"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_image_info ADD COLUMN md5 TEXT;"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_image_info ADD COLUMN display_name TEXT;"); //NON-NLS

                        // Add a new column to the file system info table.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_fs_info ADD COLUMN display_name TEXT;"); //NON-NLS

                        // Add a new column to the file table.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN meta_seq INTEGER;"); //NON-NLS

                        // Add new columns and indexes to the attributes table and populate the
                        // new column. Note that addition of the new column is a denormalization
                        // to optimize attribute queries.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_attributes ADD COLUMN artifact_type_id INTEGER NULL NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX attribute_artifactTypeId ON blackboard_attributes(artifact_type_id);"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX attribute_valueText ON blackboard_attributes(value_text);"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX attribute_valueInt32 ON blackboard_attributes(value_int32);"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX attribute_valueInt64 ON blackboard_attributes(value_int64);"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX attribute_valueDouble ON blackboard_attributes(value_double);"); //NON-NLS
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT attrs.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + "arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM blackboard_attributes AS attrs " //NON-NLS
                                        + "INNER JOIN blackboard_artifacts AS arts " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE attrs.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id;"); //NON-NLS
                        updateStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long artifactId = resultSet.getLong("artifact_id");
                                int artifactTypeId = resultSet.getInt("artifact_type_id");
                                updateStatement.executeUpdate(
                                                "UPDATE blackboard_attributes " //NON-NLS
                                                + "SET artifact_type_id = " + artifactTypeId //NON-NLS
                                                + " WHERE blackboard_attributes.artifact_id = " + artifactId + ";"); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        // Convert existing tag artifact and attribute rows to rows in the new tags tables.
                        Map<String, Long> tagNames = new HashMap<>();
                        long tagNameCounter = 1;

                        // Convert file tags.
                        // We need data from the TSK_TAG_NAME and TSK_COMMENT attributes, and need the file size from the tsk_files table.
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM \n"
                                        + "(SELECT blackboard_artifacts.obj_id AS objId, blackboard_attributes.artifact_id AS artifactId, blackboard_attributes.value_text AS name\n"
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts INNER JOIN blackboard_attributes \n"
                                        + "ON blackboard_artifacts.artifact_id = blackboard_attributes.artifact_id \n"
                                        + "WHERE blackboard_artifacts.artifact_type_id = "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_FILE.getTypeID()
                                        + " AND blackboard_attributes.attribute_type_id = " + BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.TSK_TAG_NAME.getTypeID()
                                        + ") AS tagNames \n"
                                        + "INNER JOIN \n"
                                        + "(SELECT tsk_files.obj_id as objId2, tsk_files.size AS fileSize \n"
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts INNER JOIN tsk_files \n"
                                        + "ON blackboard_artifacts.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id) AS fileData \n"
                                        + "ON tagNames.objId = fileData.objId2 \n"
                                        + "LEFT JOIN \n"
                                        + "(SELECT value_text AS comment, artifact_id AS tagArtifactId FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE attribute_type_id = "
                                        + BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.TSK_COMMENT.getTypeID() + ") AS tagComments \n"
                                        + "ON tagNames.artifactId = tagComments.tagArtifactId");

                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long objId = resultSet.getLong("objId");
                                long fileSize = resultSet.getLong("fileSize");
                                String tagName = resultSet.getString("name");
                                String tagComment = resultSet.getString("comment");
                                if (tagComment == null) {
                                        tagComment = "";
                                }

                                if (tagName != null && !tagName.isEmpty()) {
                                        // Get the index for the tag name, adding it to the database if needed.
                                        long tagNameIndex;
                                        if (tagNames.containsKey(tagName)) {
                                                tagNameIndex = tagNames.get(tagName);
                                        } else {
                                                statement2.execute("INSERT INTO tag_names (display_name, description, color) "
                                                                + "VALUES(\"" + tagName + "\", \"\", \"None\")");
                                                tagNames.put(tagName, tagNameCounter);
                                                tagNameIndex = tagNameCounter;
                                                tagNameCounter++;
                                        }

                                        statement2.execute("INSERT INTO content_tags (obj_id, tag_name_id, comment, begin_byte_offset, end_byte_offset) "
                                                        + "VALUES(" + objId + ", " + tagNameIndex + ", \"" + tagComment + "\", 0, " + fileSize + ")");
                                }
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        // Convert artifact tags.
                        // We need data from the TSK_TAG_NAME, TSK_TAGGED_ARTIFACT, and TSK_COMMENT attributes.
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM \n"
                                        + "(SELECT blackboard_artifacts.obj_id AS objId, blackboard_attributes.artifact_id AS artifactId, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.value_text AS name\n"
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts INNER JOIN blackboard_attributes \n"
                                        + "ON blackboard_artifacts.artifact_id = blackboard_attributes.artifact_id \n"
                                        + "WHERE blackboard_artifacts.artifact_type_id = "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_ARTIFACT.getTypeID()
                                        + " AND blackboard_attributes.attribute_type_id = " + BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.TSK_TAG_NAME.getTypeID()
                                        + ") AS tagNames \n"
                                        + "INNER JOIN \n"
                                        + "(SELECT value_int64 AS taggedArtifactId, artifact_id AS associatedArtifactId FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE attribute_type_id = "
                                        + BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.TSK_TAGGED_ARTIFACT.getTypeID() + ") AS tagArtifacts \n"
                                        + "ON tagNames.artifactId = tagArtifacts.associatedArtifactId \n"
                                        + "LEFT JOIN \n"
                                        + "(SELECT value_text AS comment, artifact_id AS commentArtifactId FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE attribute_type_id = "
                                        + BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.TSK_COMMENT.getTypeID() + ") AS tagComments \n"
                                        + "ON tagNames.artifactId = tagComments.commentArtifactId");

                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long artifactId = resultSet.getLong("taggedArtifactId");
                                String tagName = resultSet.getString("name");
                                String tagComment = resultSet.getString("comment");
                                if (tagComment == null) {
                                        tagComment = "";
                                }
                                if (tagName != null && !tagName.isEmpty()) {
                                        // Get the index for the tag name, adding it to the database if needed.
                                        long tagNameIndex;
                                        if (tagNames.containsKey(tagName)) {
                                                tagNameIndex = tagNames.get(tagName);
                                        } else {
                                                statement2.execute("INSERT INTO tag_names (display_name, description, color) "
                                                                + "VALUES(\"" + tagName + "\", \"\", \"None\")");
                                                tagNames.put(tagName, tagNameCounter);
                                                tagNameIndex = tagNameCounter;
                                                tagNameCounter++;
                                        }

                                        statement2.execute("INSERT INTO blackboard_artifact_tags (artifact_id, tag_name_id, comment) "
                                                        + "VALUES(" + artifactId + ", " + tagNameIndex + ", \"" + tagComment + "\")");
                                }
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        statement.execute(
                                        "DELETE FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE artifact_id IN " //NON-NLS
                                        + "(SELECT artifact_id FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_type_id = " //NON-NLS
                                        + ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_FILE.getTypeID()
                                        + " OR artifact_type_id = " + ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_ARTIFACT.getTypeID() + ");"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute(
                                        "DELETE FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_type_id = " //NON-NLS
                                        + ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_FILE.getTypeID()
                                        + " OR artifact_type_id = " + ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_ARTIFACT.getTypeID() + ";"); //NON-NLS

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(3, 0);
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(updateStatement);
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(statement2);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema3toSchema4(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 3) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement queryStatement = null;
                ResultSet queryResultSet = null;
                Statement updateStatement = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // Add mime_type column to tsk_files table. Populate with general
                        // info artifact file signature data.
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        updateStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN mime_type TEXT;");
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT files.obj_id AS obj_id, attrs.value_text AS value_text "
                                        + "FROM tsk_files AS files, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifacts AS arts "
                                        + "WHERE files.obj_id = arts.obj_id AND "
                                        + "arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id AND "
                                        + "arts.artifact_type_id = 1 AND "
                                        + "attrs.attribute_type_id = 62");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                updateStatement.executeUpdate(
                                                "UPDATE tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                                + "SET mime_type = '" + resultSet.getString("value_text") + "' " //NON-NLS
                                                + "WHERE tsk_files.obj_id = " + resultSet.getInt("obj_id") + ";"); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        // Add value_type column to blackboard_attribute_types table.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_attribute_types ADD COLUMN value_type INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;");
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM blackboard_attribute_types AS types"); //NON-NLS
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                int attributeTypeId = resultSet.getInt("attribute_type_id");
                                String attributeLabel = resultSet.getString("type_name");
                                if (attributeTypeId < MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID) {
                                        updateStatement.executeUpdate(
                                                        "UPDATE blackboard_attribute_types " //NON-NLS
                                                        + "SET value_type = " + ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.fromLabel(attributeLabel).getValueType().getType() + " " //NON-NLS
                                                        + "WHERE blackboard_attribute_types.attribute_type_id = " + attributeTypeId + ";"); //NON-NLS
                                }
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        // Add a data_sources_info table.
                        queryStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE data_source_info (obj_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, time_zone TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id));");
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM tsk_objects WHERE par_obj_id IS NULL");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long objectId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                String timeZone = "";
                                queryResultSet = queryStatement.executeQuery("SELECT tzone FROM tsk_image_info WHERE obj_id = " + objectId);
                                if (queryResultSet.next()) {
                                        timeZone = queryResultSet.getString("tzone");
                                }
                                queryResultSet.close();
                                updateStatement.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO data_source_info (obj_id, device_id, time_zone) "
                                                + "VALUES(" + objectId + ", '" + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "' , '" + timeZone + "');");
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                        // Add data_source_obj_id column to the tsk_files table.
                        //
                        // NOTE: A new case database will have the following FK constraint:
                        //
                        // REFERENCES data_source_info (obj_id)
                        //
                        // The constraint is sacrificed here to avoid having to create and
                        // populate a new tsk_files table.
                        //
                        // TODO: Do this right.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN data_source_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;");
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT tsk_files.obj_id AS obj_id, par_obj_id FROM tsk_files, tsk_objects WHERE tsk_files.obj_id = tsk_objects.obj_id");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long fileId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                long dataSourceId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, fileId);
                                updateStatement.executeUpdate("UPDATE tsk_files SET data_source_obj_id = " + dataSourceId + " WHERE obj_id = " + fileId + ";");
                        }
                        resultSet.close();
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_module_types (type_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, type_name TEXT NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_job_status_types (type_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, type_name TEXT NOT NULL)"); //NON-NLS
                        if (this.dbType.equals(DbType.SQLITE)) {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_modules (ingest_module_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, display_name TEXT NOT NULL, unique_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, type_id INTEGER NOT NULL, version TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(type_id) REFERENCES ingest_module_types(type_id));"); //NON-NLS
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_jobs (ingest_job_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, host_name TEXT NOT NULL, start_date_time BIGINT NOT NULL, end_date_time BIGINT NOT NULL, status_id INTEGER NOT NULL, settings_dir TEXT, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(status_id) REFERENCES ingest_job_status_types(type_id));"); //NON-NLS
                        } else {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_modules (ingest_module_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, display_name TEXT NOT NULL, unique_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, type_id INTEGER NOT NULL, version TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(type_id) REFERENCES ingest_module_types(type_id));"); //NON-NLS
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_jobs (ingest_job_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, host_name TEXT NOT NULL, start_date_time BIGINT NOT NULL, end_date_time BIGINT NOT NULL, status_id INTEGER NOT NULL, settings_dir TEXT, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(status_id) REFERENCES ingest_job_status_types(type_id));"); //NON-NLS
                        }

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE ingest_job_modules (ingest_job_id INTEGER, ingest_module_id INTEGER, pipeline_position INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY(ingest_job_id, ingest_module_id), FOREIGN KEY(ingest_job_id) REFERENCES ingest_jobs(ingest_job_id), FOREIGN KEY(ingest_module_id) REFERENCES ingest_modules(ingest_module_id));"); //NON-NLS
                        initIngestModuleTypes(connection);
                        initIngestStatusTypes(connection);

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(4, 0);

                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(queryResultSet);
                        closeStatement(queryStatement);
                        closeStatement(updateStatement);
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema4toSchema5(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 4) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // Add the review_statuses lookup table.
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE review_statuses (review_status_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, review_status_name TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT NOT NULL)");

                        /*
                         * Add review_status_id column to artifacts table.
                         *
                         * NOTE: For DBs created with schema 5 we define a foreign key
                         * constraint on the review_status_column. We don't bother with this
                         * for DBs updated to schema 5 because of limitations of the SQLite
                         * ALTER TABLE command.
                         */
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifacts ADD COLUMN review_status_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED.getID());

                        // Add the encoding table
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE file_encoding_types (encoding_type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL);");
                        initEncodingTypes(connection);

                        /*
                         * This needs to be done due to a Autopsy/TSK out of synch problem.
                         * Without this, it is possible to upgrade from version 4 to 5 and
                         * then 5 to 6, but not from 4 to 6.
                         */
                        initReviewStatuses(connection);

                        // Add encoding type column to tsk_files_path
                        // This should really have the FOREIGN KEY constraint but there are problems
                        // getting that to work, so we don't add it on this upgrade path.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files_path ADD COLUMN encoding_type INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(5, 0);

                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema5toSchema6(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 5) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                /*
                 * This upgrade fixes a bug where some releases had artifact review
                 * status support in the case database and others did not.
                 */
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        /*
                         * Add the review_statuses lookup table, if missing.
                         */
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS review_statuses (review_status_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, review_status_name TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT NOT NULL)");

                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM review_statuses"); //NON-NLS
                        resultSet.next();
                        if (resultSet.getLong("count") == 0) {
                                /*
                                 * Add review_status_id column to artifacts table.
                                 *
                                 * NOTE: For DBs created with schema 5 or 6 we define a foreign
                                 * key constraint on the review_status_column. We don't bother
                                 * with this for DBs updated to schema 5 or 6 because of
                                 * limitations of the SQLite ALTER TABLE command.
                                 */
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifacts ADD COLUMN review_status_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED.getID());
                        }

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(6, 0);

                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema6toSchema7(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 6) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                /*
                 * This upgrade adds an indexed extension column to the tsk_files table.
                 */
                Statement statement = null;
                Statement updstatement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        updstatement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN extension TEXT");

                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT obj_id,name FROM tsk_files"); //NON-NLS
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long objID = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                                updstatement.executeUpdate("UPDATE tsk_files SET extension = '" + escapeSingleQuotes(extractExtension(name)) + "' "
                                                + "WHERE obj_id = " + objID);
                        }

                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX file_extension ON tsk_files ( extension )");

                        // Add artifact_obj_id column to blackboard_artifacts table, data conversion for old versions isn't necesarry.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifacts ADD COLUMN artifact_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT -1");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(7, 0);

                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(updstatement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema7toSchema7dot1(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 7) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 0) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                /*
                 * This upgrade adds a minor version number column.
                 */
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();

                        //add the schema minor version number column.
                        if (schemaVersion.getMinor() == 0) {
                                //add the schema minor version number column.
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_db_info ADD COLUMN schema_minor_ver INTEGER DEFAULT 1");
                        }
                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(7, 1);

                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema7dot1toSchema7dot2(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 7) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 1) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = null;
                Statement updstatement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        //add the data_source_obj_id column to blackboard_artifacts.
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifacts ADD COLUMN data_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT -1");

                        // populate data_source_obj_id for each artifact
                        updstatement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT artifact_id, obj_id FROM blackboard_artifacts"); //NON-NLS
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                long artifact_id = resultSet.getLong("artifact_id");
                                long obj_id = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                long data_source_obj_id = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, obj_id);
                                updstatement.executeUpdate("UPDATE blackboard_artifacts SET data_source_obj_id = " + data_source_obj_id + " "
                                                + "WHERE artifact_id = " + artifact_id);
                        }
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(updstatement);

                        /*
                         * Add a knownStatus column to the tag_names table.
                         */
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tag_names ADD COLUMN knownStatus INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT " + TskData.FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue());

                        // Create account_types, accounts, and account_relationships  table
                        if (this.dbType.equals(DbType.SQLITE)) {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE account_types (account_type_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, type_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, display_name TEXT NOT NULL)");
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE accounts (account_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, account_type_id INTEGER NOT NULL, account_unique_identifier TEXT NOT NULL,  UNIQUE(account_type_id, account_unique_identifier) , FOREIGN KEY(account_type_id) REFERENCES account_types(account_type_id))");
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE account_relationships (relationship_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, account1_id INTEGER NOT NULL, account2_id INTEGER NOT NULL, relationship_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL,  date_time INTEGER, relationship_type INTEGER NOT NULL, data_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL, UNIQUE(account1_id, account2_id, relationship_source_obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(account1_id) REFERENCES accounts(account_id), FOREIGN KEY(account2_id) REFERENCES accounts(account_id), FOREIGN KEY(relationship_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id))");
                        } else {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE account_types (account_type_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, type_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, display_name TEXT NOT NULL)");
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE accounts (account_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, account_type_id INTEGER NOT NULL, account_unique_identifier TEXT NOT NULL,  UNIQUE(account_type_id, account_unique_identifier) , FOREIGN KEY(account_type_id) REFERENCES account_types(account_type_id))");
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE account_relationships  (relationship_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, account1_id INTEGER NOT NULL, account2_id INTEGER NOT NULL, relationship_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL, date_time BIGINT, relationship_type INTEGER NOT NULL, data_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL, UNIQUE(account1_id, account2_id, relationship_source_obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(account1_id) REFERENCES accounts(account_id), FOREIGN KEY(account2_id) REFERENCES accounts(account_id), FOREIGN KEY(relationship_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id), FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id))");
                        }

                        // Create indexes
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX artifact_artifact_objID ON blackboard_artifacts(artifact_obj_id)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_account1  ON account_relationships(account1_id)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_account2  ON account_relationships(account2_id)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_relationship_source_obj_id  ON account_relationships(relationship_source_obj_id)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_date_time  ON account_relationships(date_time)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_relationship_type  ON account_relationships(relationship_type)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX relationships_data_source_obj_id  ON account_relationships(data_source_obj_id)");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(7, 2);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(updstatement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema7dot2toSchema8dot0(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 7) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 2) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement updateSchemaStatement = connection.createStatement();
                Statement getExistingReportsStatement = connection.createStatement();
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                ResultSet existingReports = null;

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // Update the schema to turn report_id into an object id.

                        // Unfortunately, SQLite doesn't support adding a constraint
                        // to an existing table so we have to rename the old...
                        updateSchemaStatement.execute("ALTER TABLE reports RENAME TO old_reports");

                        // ...create the new...
                        updateSchemaStatement.execute("CREATE TABLE reports (obj_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, path TEXT NOT NULL, crtime INTEGER NOT NULL, src_module_name TEXT NOT NULL, report_name TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id))");

                        // ...add the existing report records back...
                        existingReports = getExistingReportsStatement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM old_reports");
                        while (existingReports.next()) {
                                String path = existingReports.getString(2);
                                long crtime = existingReports.getInt(3);
                                String sourceModule = existingReports.getString(4);
                                String reportName = existingReports.getString(5);

                                PreparedStatement insertObjectStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_OBJECT, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                                insertObjectStatement.clearParameters();
                                insertObjectStatement.setNull(1, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                                insertObjectStatement.setLong(2, TskData.ObjectType.REPORT.getObjectType());
                                connection.executeUpdate(insertObjectStatement);
                                resultSet = insertObjectStatement.getGeneratedKeys();
                                if (!resultSet.next()) {
                                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Failed to INSERT report %s (%s) in tsk_objects table", reportName, path));
                                }
                                long objectId = resultSet.getLong(1); //last_insert_rowid()

                                // INSERT INTO reports (obj_id, path, crtime, src_module_name, display_name) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                                PreparedStatement insertReportStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_REPORT);
                                insertReportStatement.clearParameters();
                                insertReportStatement.setLong(1, objectId);
                                insertReportStatement.setString(2, path);
                                insertReportStatement.setLong(3, crtime);
                                insertReportStatement.setString(4, sourceModule);
                                insertReportStatement.setString(5, reportName);
                                connection.executeUpdate(insertReportStatement);
                        }

                        // ...and drop the old table.
                        updateSchemaStatement.execute("DROP TABLE old_reports");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 0);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeResultSet(existingReports);
                        closeStatement(updateSchemaStatement);
                        closeStatement(getExistingReportsStatement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot0toSchema8dot1(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 0) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();

                try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        // create examiners table
                        if (this.dbType.equals(DbType.SQLITE)) {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_examiners (examiner_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, login_name TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT, UNIQUE(login_name) )");
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE content_tags ADD COLUMN examiner_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_examiners(examiner_id) DEFAULT NULL");
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifact_tags ADD COLUMN examiner_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_examiners(examiner_id) DEFAULT NULL");
                        } else {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_examiners (examiner_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, login_name TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT, UNIQUE(login_name))");
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE content_tags ADD COLUMN examiner_id BIGINT REFERENCES tsk_examiners(examiner_id) DEFAULT NULL");
                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifact_tags ADD COLUMN examiner_id BIGINT REFERENCES tsk_examiners(examiner_id) DEFAULT NULL");
                        }

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 1);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot1toSchema8dot2(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 1) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();

                try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_image_info ADD COLUMN sha1 TEXT DEFAULT NULL");
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_image_info ADD COLUMN sha256 TEXT DEFAULT NULL");

                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN acquisition_details TEXT");

                        /*
                         * Add new tsk_db_extended_info table with TSK version, creation
                         * time schema and schema version numbers as the initial data. The
                         * creation time schema version is set to 0, 0 to indicate that it
                         * is not known.
                         */
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_db_info_extended (name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT NOT NULL)");
                        ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery("SELECT tsk_ver FROM tsk_db_info");
                        result.next();
                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_db_info_extended (name, value) VALUES ('" + TSK_VERSION_KEY + "', '" + result.getLong("tsk_ver") + "')");
                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_db_info_extended (name, value) VALUES ('" + SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY + "', '8')");
                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_db_info_extended (name, value) VALUES ('" + SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY + "', '2')");
                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_db_info_extended (name, value) VALUES ('" + CREATION_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION_KEY + "', '0')");
                        statement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_db_info_extended (name, value) VALUES ('" + CREATION_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION_KEY + "', '0')");

                        String primaryKeyType;
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        primaryKeyType = "BIGSERIAL";
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        primaryKeyType = "INTEGER";
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unsupported data base type: " + getDatabaseType().toString());
                        }

                        //create and initialize tsk_event_types tables
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_event_types ("
                                        + " event_type_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " display_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, "
                                        + " super_type_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) )");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values( 0, 'Event Types', null)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(1, 'File System', 0)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(2, 'Web Activity', 0)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(3, 'Misc Types', 0)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(4, 'Modified', 1)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(5, 'Accessed', 1)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(6, 'Created', 1)");
                        statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                        + " values(7, 'Changed', 1)");

                        //create tsk_events tables
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_event_descriptions ("
                                        + " event_description_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " full_description TEXT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " med_description TEXT, "
                                        + " short_description TEXT,"
                                        + " data_source_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " file_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " artifact_id BIGINT, "
                                        + " hash_hit INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean 
                                        + " tagged INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean 
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES data_source_info(obj_id), "
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(file_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_files(obj_id), "
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(artifact_id) REFERENCES blackboard_artifacts(artifact_id))"
                        );

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_events ( "
                                        + " event_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " event_type_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) ,"
                                        + " event_description_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_descriptions(event_description_id) ,"
                                        + " time INTEGER NOT NULL) "
                        );

                        //create tsk_events indices
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_time ON tsk_events(time)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_type ON tsk_events(event_type_id)");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_data_source_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(data_source_obj_id) ");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_file_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(file_obj_id) ");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_artifact_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(artifact_id) ");
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_sub_type_time ON tsk_events(event_type_id,  time) ");
                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 2);

                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot2toSchema8dot3(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 2) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();

                ResultSet resultSet = null;

                try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {

                        // Add the uniqueness constraint to the tsk_event and tsk_event_description tables.
                        // Unfortunately, SQLite doesn't support adding a constraint
                        // to an existing table so we have to rename the old...
                        String primaryKeyType;
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        primaryKeyType = "BIGSERIAL";
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        primaryKeyType = "INTEGER";
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unsupported data base type: " + getDatabaseType().toString());
                        }

                        //create and initialize tsk_event_types tables which may or may not exist
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tsk_event_types ("
                                        + " event_type_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " display_name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL, "
                                        + " super_type_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) )");

                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * from tsk_event_types");

                        // If there is something in resultSet then the table must have previously 
                        // existing therefore there is not need to populate
                        if (!resultSet.next()) {

                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values( 0, 'Event Types', null)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(1, 'File System', 0)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(2, 'Web Activity', 0)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(3, 'Misc Types', 0)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(4, 'Modified', 1)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(5, 'Accessed', 1)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(6, 'Created', 1)");
                                statement.execute("insert into tsk_event_types(event_type_id, display_name, super_type_id)"
                                                + " values(7, 'Changed', 1)");
                        }

                        // Delete the old table that may have been created with the upgrade
                        // from 8.1 to 8.2.
                        statement.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tsk_events");

                        // Delete the old table that may have been created with the upgrade
                        // from 8.1 to 8.2
                        statement.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tsk_event_descriptions");

                        //create new tsk_event_description table
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_event_descriptions ("
                                        + " event_description_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " full_description TEXT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " med_description TEXT, "
                                        + " short_description TEXT,"
                                        + " data_source_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " file_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                        + " artifact_id BIGINT, "
                                        + " hash_hit INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean 
                                        + " tagged INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean 
                                        + " UNIQUE(full_description, file_obj_id, artifact_id), "
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES data_source_info(obj_id), "
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(file_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_files(obj_id), "
                                        + " FOREIGN KEY(artifact_id) REFERENCES blackboard_artifacts(artifact_id))"
                        );

                        // create a new table
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_events ( "
                                        + " event_id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + " event_type_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) ,"
                                        + " event_description_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_descriptions(event_description_id) ,"
                                        + " time INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        + " UNIQUE (event_type_id, event_description_id, time))"
                        );

                        // Fix mistakenly set names in tsk_db_info_extended 
                        statement.execute("UPDATE tsk_db_info_extended SET name = 'CREATION_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION' WHERE name = 'CREATED_SCHEMA_MAJOR_VERSION'");
                        statement.execute("UPDATE tsk_db_info_extended SET name = 'CREATION_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION' WHERE name = 'CREATED_SCHEMA_MINOR_VERSION'");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 3);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot3toSchema8dot4(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 3) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                ResultSet results = null;

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // This is a bug fix update for a misnamed column in tsk_event_descriptions in
                        // the previous update code.
                        if (null == getDatabaseType()) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Unsupported data base type: " + getDatabaseType().toString());
                        }

                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        // Check if the misnamed column is present
                                        results = statement.executeQuery("SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns "
                                                        + "WHERE table_name='tsk_event_descriptions' and column_name='file_obj_id'");
                                        if (results.next()) {
                                                // In PostgreSQL we can rename the column if it exists
                                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_event_descriptions "
                                                                + "RENAME COLUMN file_obj_id TO content_obj_id");

                                                // In 8.2 to 8.3 upgrade, the event_id & time column in tsk_events table was erroneously created as type INTEGER, instead of BIGINT
                                                // Fix the schema, preserving any data if exists.
                                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE temp_tsk_events ( "
                                                                + " event_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, "
                                                                + " event_type_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) ,"
                                                                + " event_description_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_descriptions(event_description_id),"
                                                                + " time BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                                                + " UNIQUE (event_type_id, event_description_id, time))"
                                                );

                                                // Copy the data
                                                statement.execute("INSERT INTO temp_tsk_events(event_id, event_type_id, "
                                                                + "event_description_id, time) SELECT * FROM tsk_events");

                                                // Drop the old table
                                                statement.execute("DROP TABLE tsk_events");

                                                // Rename the new table
                                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE temp_tsk_events RENAME TO tsk_events");

                                                //create tsk_events indices that were skipped in the 8.2 to 8.3 update code
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_data_source_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(data_source_obj_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_content_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(content_obj_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_artifact_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(artifact_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_sub_type_time ON tsk_events(event_type_id,  time) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_time  ON tsk_events(time) ");
                                        }
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        boolean hasMisnamedColumn = false;
                                        results = statement.executeQuery("pragma table_info('tsk_event_descriptions')");
                                        while (results.next()) {
                                                if (results.getString("name") != null && results.getString("name").equals("file_obj_id")) {
                                                        hasMisnamedColumn = true;
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }

                                        if (hasMisnamedColumn) {
                                                // Since we can't rename the column we'll need to make new tables and copy the data
                                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE temp_tsk_event_descriptions ("
                                                                + " event_description_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, "
                                                                + " full_description TEXT NOT NULL, "
                                                                + " med_description TEXT, "
                                                                + " short_description TEXT,"
                                                                + " data_source_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                                                + " content_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL, "
                                                                + " artifact_id BIGINT, "
                                                                + " hash_hit INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean
                                                                + " tagged INTEGER NOT NULL, " //boolean
                                                                + " UNIQUE(full_description, content_obj_id, artifact_id), "
                                                                + " FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES data_source_info(obj_id), "
                                                                + " FOREIGN KEY(content_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_files(obj_id), "
                                                                + " FOREIGN KEY(artifact_id) REFERENCES blackboard_artifacts(artifact_id))"
                                                );

                                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE temp_tsk_events ( "
                                                                + " event_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, "
                                                                + " event_type_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tsk_event_types(event_type_id) ,"
                                                                + " event_description_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES temp_tsk_event_descriptions(event_description_id),"
                                                                + " time INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                                                + " UNIQUE (event_type_id, event_description_id, time))"
                                                );

                                                // Copy the data
                                                statement.execute("INSERT INTO temp_tsk_event_descriptions(event_description_id, full_description, "
                                                                + "med_description, short_description, data_source_obj_id, content_obj_id, artifact_id, "
                                                                + "hash_hit, tagged) SELECT * FROM tsk_event_descriptions");

                                                statement.execute("INSERT INTO temp_tsk_events(event_id, event_type_id, "
                                                                + "event_description_id, time) SELECT * FROM tsk_events");

                                                // Drop the old tables
                                                statement.execute("DROP TABLE tsk_events");
                                                statement.execute("DROP TABLE tsk_event_descriptions");

                                                // Rename the new tables
                                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE temp_tsk_event_descriptions RENAME TO tsk_event_descriptions");
                                                statement.execute("ALTER TABLE temp_tsk_events RENAME TO tsk_events");

                                                //create tsk_events indices
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_data_source_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(data_source_obj_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_content_obj_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(content_obj_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_artifact_id  ON tsk_event_descriptions(artifact_id) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_sub_type_time ON tsk_events(event_type_id,  time) ");
                                                statement.execute("CREATE INDEX events_time  ON tsk_events(time) ");
                                        }
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unsupported data base type: " + getDatabaseType().toString());
                        }

                        // create pool info table
                        if (this.dbType.equals(DbType.SQLITE)) {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_pool_info (obj_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, pool_type INTEGER NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE)");
                        } else {
                                statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_pool_info (obj_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, pool_type INTEGER NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE)");
                        }

                        // Add new account types for newly supported messaging applications, if they dont exists already.
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "IMO", "IMO");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "LINE", "LINE");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "SKYPE", "Skype");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "TANGO", "Tango");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "TEXTNOW", "TextNow");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "THREEMA", "ThreeMa");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "VIBER", "Viber");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "XENDER", "Xender");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "ZAPYA", "Zapya");
                        insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(statement, "SHAREIT", "ShareIt");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 4);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(results);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot4toSchema8dot5(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 4) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_tag_sets (tag_set_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT UNIQUE)");
                                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tag_names ADD COLUMN tag_set_id BIGINT REFERENCES tsk_tag_sets(tag_set_id)");
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_tag_sets (tag_set_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT UNIQUE)");
                                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tag_names ADD COLUMN tag_set_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_tag_sets(tag_set_id)");
                                        break;
                        }

                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tag_names ADD COLUMN rank INTEGER");

                        /*
                         * Update existing Project Vic tag names (from Image Gallery in
                         * Autopsy) to be part of a Tag Set. NOTE: These names are out of
                         * date and will not work with the Project VIC Report module. New
                         * cases will get the new names from Image Gallery.
                         */
                        String insertStmt = "INSERT INTO tsk_tag_sets (name) VALUES ('Project VIC')";
                        if (getDatabaseType() == DbType.POSTGRESQL) {
                                statement.execute(insertStmt, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        } else {
                                statement.execute(insertStmt);
                        }
                        try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
                                if (resultSet != null && resultSet.next()) {
                                        int tagSetId = resultSet.getInt(1);

                                        String updateQuery = "UPDATE tag_names SET tag_set_id = %d, color = '%s', rank = %d, display_name = '%s' WHERE display_name = '%s'";
                                        statement.executeUpdate(String.format(updateQuery, tagSetId, "Red", 1, "Child Exploitation (Illegal)", "CAT-1: Child Exploitation (Illegal)"));
                                        statement.executeUpdate(String.format(updateQuery, tagSetId, "Lime", 2, "Child Exploitation (Non-Illegal/Age Difficult)", "CAT-2: Child Exploitation (Non-Illegal/Age Difficult)"));
                                        statement.executeUpdate(String.format(updateQuery, tagSetId, "Yellow", 3, "CGI/Animation (Child Exploitive)", "CAT-3: CGI/Animation (Child Exploitive)"));
                                        statement.executeUpdate(String.format(updateQuery, tagSetId, "Purple", 4, "Exemplar/Comparison (Internal Use Only)", "CAT-4: Exemplar/Comparison (Internal Use Only)"));
                                        statement.executeUpdate(String.format(updateQuery, tagSetId, "Fuchsia", 5, "Non-pertinent", "CAT-5: Non-pertinent"));

                                        String deleteContentTag = "DELETE FROM content_tags WHERE tag_name_id IN (SELECT tag_name_id from tag_names WHERE display_name LIKE 'CAT-0: Uncategorized')";
                                        String deleteArtifactTag = "DELETE FROM blackboard_artifact_tags WHERE tag_name_id IN (SELECT tag_name_id from tag_names WHERE display_name LIKE 'CAT-0: Uncategorized')";
                                        String deleteCat0 = "DELETE FROM tag_names WHERE display_name = 'CAT-0: Uncategorized'";
                                        statement.executeUpdate(deleteContentTag);
                                        statement.executeUpdate(deleteArtifactTag);
                                        statement.executeUpdate(deleteCat0);

                                } else {
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to retrieve the default tag_set_id from DB");
                                }
                        }

                        // Add data_source_obj_id column to the tsk_files table. For newly created cases
                        // this column will have a foreign key constraint on the data_source_info table.
                        // There does not seem to be a reasonable way to do this in an upgrade,
                        // so upgraded cases will be missing the foreign key.
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_fs_info ADD COLUMN data_source_obj_id BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;");
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_fs_info ADD COLUMN data_source_obj_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT -1;");
                                        break;
                        }
                        Statement updateStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT obj_id FROM tsk_fs_info")) {
                                while (resultSet.next()) {
                                        long fsId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                        long dataSourceId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, fsId);
                                        updateStatement.executeUpdate("UPDATE tsk_fs_info SET data_source_obj_id = " + dataSourceId + " WHERE obj_id = " + fsId + ";");
                                }
                        } finally {
                                closeStatement(updateStatement);
                        }

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 5);

                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot5toSchema8dot6(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 5) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN sha256 TEXT");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(8, 6);

                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema8dot6toSchema9dot0(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 8) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 6) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        String dateDataType = "BIGINT";
                        String bigIntDataType = "BIGINT";
                        String blobDataType = "BYTEA";
                        String primaryKeyType = "BIGSERIAL";

                        if (this.dbType.equals(DbType.SQLITE)) {
                                dateDataType = "INTEGER";
                                bigIntDataType = "INTEGER";
                                blobDataType = "BLOB";
                                primaryKeyType = "INTEGER";
                        }
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN added_date_time " + dateDataType);
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN acquisition_tool_settings TEXT");
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN acquisition_tool_name TEXT");
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN acquisition_tool_version TEXT");

                        // Add category type and initialize the types. We use the list of artifact types that
                        // were categorized as analysis results as of the 8.7 update to ensure consistency in
                        // case the built-in types change in a later release.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE blackboard_artifact_types ADD COLUMN category_type INTEGER DEFAULT 0");
                        String analysisTypeObjIdList
                                        = BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_KEYWORD_HIT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_HASHSET_HIT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_INTERESTING_FILE_HIT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_FILE.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_TAG_ARTIFACT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_ENCRYPTION_DETECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_EXT_MISMATCH_DETECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_INTERESTING_ARTIFACT_HIT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_FACE_DETECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_ENCRYPTION_SUSPECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_OBJECT_DETECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_VERIFICATION_FAILED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_DATA_SOURCE_USAGE.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_USER_CONTENT_SUSPECTED.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_WEB_ACCOUNT_TYPE.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_YARA_HIT.getTypeID() + ", "
                                        + BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.TSK_WEB_CATEGORIZATION.getTypeID();
                        statement.execute("UPDATE blackboard_artifact_types SET category_type = " + BlackboardArtifact.Category.ANALYSIS_RESULT.getID()
                                        + " WHERE artifact_type_id IN (" + analysisTypeObjIdList + ")");

                        // Create tsk file attributes table
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_file_attributes (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "attribute_type_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "value_type INTEGER NOT NULL, value_byte " + blobDataType + ", "
                                        + "value_text TEXT, value_int32 INTEGER, value_int64 " + bigIntDataType + ", value_double NUMERIC(20, 10), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_files(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(attribute_type_id) REFERENCES blackboard_attribute_types(attribute_type_id))");

                        // create analysis results tables
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_analysis_results (artifact_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "conclusion TEXT, "
                                        + "significance INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        /* method_category was a column in a little distributed version of 9.0. 
                                         * It was renamed to priority before public release. The 9.1 upgrade code
                                         * will add the priority column. This is commented out since it was never used. */ 
                                        // + "method_category INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        + "configuration TEXT, justification TEXT, "
                                        + "ignore_score INTEGER DEFAULT 0 " // boolean  
                                        + ")");

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_aggregate_score( obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "data_source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "significance INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        // See comment above on why this is commented out
                                        // + "method_category INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        + "UNIQUE (obj_id),"
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE "
                                        + ")");

                        // Create person table.
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_persons (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "name TEXT NOT NULL, " // person name
                                        + "UNIQUE(name)) ");

                        // Create host table.
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_hosts (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "name TEXT NOT NULL, " // host name
                                        + "db_status INTEGER DEFAULT 0, " // active/merged/deleted
                                        + "person_id INTEGER, "
                                        + "merged_into " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(person_id) REFERENCES tsk_persons(id) ON DELETE SET NULL, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(merged_into) REFERENCES tsk_hosts(id), "
                                        + "UNIQUE(name)) ");

                        // Create OS Account and related tables 
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_os_account_realms (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "realm_name TEXT DEFAULT NULL, " // realm name - for a domain realm, may be null
                                        + "realm_addr TEXT DEFAULT NULL, " // a sid/uid or some some other identifier, may be null
                                        + "realm_signature TEXT NOT NULL, " // Signature exists only to prevent duplicates. It is  made up of realm address/name and scope host
                                        + "scope_host_id " + bigIntDataType + " DEFAULT NULL, " // if the realm scope is a single host
                                        + "scope_confidence INTEGER, " // indicates whether we know for sure the realm scope or if we are inferring it
                                        + "db_status INTEGER DEFAULT 0, " // active/merged/deleted
                                        + "merged_into " + bigIntDataType + " DEFAULT NULL, "
                                        + "UNIQUE(realm_signature), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(scope_host_id) REFERENCES tsk_hosts(id),"
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(merged_into) REFERENCES tsk_os_account_realms(id) )");

                        // Add host column and create a host for each existing data source.
                        // We will create a host for each device id so that related data sources will 
                        // be associated with the same host.
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE data_source_info ADD COLUMN host_id INTEGER REFERENCES tsk_hosts(id)");
                        Statement updateStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT obj_id, device_id FROM data_source_info")) {
                                Map<String, Long> hostMap = new HashMap<>();
                                long hostIndex = 1;
                                while (resultSet.next()) {
                                        long objId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                        String deviceId = resultSet.getString("device_id");

                                        if (!hostMap.containsKey(deviceId)) {
                                                String hostName = "Host " + hostIndex;
                                                updateStatement.execute("INSERT INTO tsk_hosts (name, db_status) VALUES ('" + hostName + "', 0)");
                                                hostMap.put(deviceId, hostIndex);
                                                hostIndex++;
                                        }
                                        updateStatement.execute("UPDATE data_source_info SET host_id = " + hostMap.get(deviceId) + " WHERE obj_id = " + objId);
                                }
                        } finally {
                                closeStatement(updateStatement);
                        }

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_os_accounts (os_account_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "login_name TEXT DEFAULT NULL, " // login name, if available, may be null
                                        + "full_name TEXT DEFAULT NULL, " // full name, if available, may be null
                                        + "realm_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, " // realm for the account
                                        + "addr TEXT DEFAULT NULL, " // SID/UID, if available
                                        + "signature TEXT NOT NULL, " // This exists only to prevent duplicates.  It is either the addr or the login_name whichever is not null.
                                        + "status INTEGER, " // enabled/disabled/deleted
                                        + "type INTEGER, " // service/interactive
                                        + "created_date " + bigIntDataType + " DEFAULT NULL, "
                                        + "db_status INTEGER DEFAULT 0, " // active/merged/deleted
                                        + "merged_into " + bigIntDataType + " DEFAULT NULL, "
                                        + "UNIQUE(signature, realm_id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(os_account_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(realm_id) REFERENCES tsk_os_account_realms(id),"
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(merged_into) REFERENCES tsk_os_accounts(os_account_obj_id) )");

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_os_account_attributes (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "os_account_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "host_id " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "attribute_type_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "value_type INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        + "value_byte " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "value_text TEXT, "
                                        + "value_int32 INTEGER, value_int64 " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "value_double NUMERIC(20, 10), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(os_account_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_os_accounts(os_account_obj_id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(host_id) REFERENCES tsk_hosts(id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE SET NULL, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(attribute_type_id) REFERENCES blackboard_attribute_types(attribute_type_id))");

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_os_account_instances (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "os_account_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "data_source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "instance_type INTEGER NOT NULL, " // PerformedActionOn/ReferencedOn
                                        + "UNIQUE(os_account_obj_id, data_source_obj_id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(os_account_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_os_accounts(os_account_obj_id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(data_source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE )");

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_data_artifacts ( "
                                        + "artifact_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "os_account_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(os_account_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_os_accounts(os_account_obj_id)) ");

                        // add owner_uid & os_account_obj_id columns to tsk_files
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN owner_uid TEXT DEFAULT NULL");
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_files ADD COLUMN os_account_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " DEFAULT NULL REFERENCES tsk_os_accounts(os_account_obj_id) ");

                        // create host address tables
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_host_addresses (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "address_type INTEGER NOT NULL, "
                                        + "address TEXT NOT NULL, "
                                        + "UNIQUE(address_type, address)) ");

                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_host_address_map (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "host_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "addr_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + ", " // object id of the source where this mapping was found.
                                        + "time " + bigIntDataType + ", " // time at which the mapping existed
                                        + "UNIQUE(host_id, addr_obj_id, time), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(host_id) REFERENCES tsk_hosts(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(addr_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_host_addresses(id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE SET NULL )");

                        // stores associations between DNS name and IP address
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_host_address_dns_ip_map (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "dns_address_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "ip_address_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + ", "
                                        + "time " + bigIntDataType + ", " // time at which the mapping existed
                                        + "UNIQUE(dns_address_id, ip_address_id, time), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(dns_address_id) REFERENCES tsk_host_addresses(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(ip_address_id) REFERENCES tsk_host_addresses(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,"
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(source_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE SET NULL )");

                        // maps an address to an artifact using it 
                        statement.execute("CREATE TABLE tsk_host_address_usage (id " + primaryKeyType + " PRIMARY KEY, "
                                        + "addr_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, "
                                        + "data_source_obj_id " + bigIntDataType + " NOT NULL, " // data source where the usage was found
                                        + "UNIQUE(addr_obj_id, obj_id), "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(addr_obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_host_addresses(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                                        + "FOREIGN KEY(obj_id) REFERENCES tsk_objects(obj_id) ON DELETE CASCADE )");

                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(9, 0);

                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber updateFromSchema9dot0toSchema9dot1(CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber schemaVersion, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                if (schemaVersion.getMajor() != 9) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                if (schemaVersion.getMinor() != 0) {
                        return schemaVersion;
                }

                Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {

                        // add an index on tsk_file_attributes table.
                        statement.execute("CREATE INDEX tsk_file_attributes_obj_id ON tsk_file_attributes(obj_id)");
                        
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_analysis_results ADD COLUMN priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT " + Score.Priority.NORMAL.getId());
                        statement.execute("ALTER TABLE tsk_aggregate_score ADD COLUMN priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT " + Score.Priority.NORMAL.getId());
                        
                        return new CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber(9, 1);
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        private void insertAccountTypeIfNotExists(Statement statement, String type_name, String display_name) throws TskCoreException, SQLException {

                String insertSQL = String.format("INTO account_types(type_name, display_name) VALUES ('%s', '%s')", type_name, display_name);
                switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                        case POSTGRESQL:
                                insertSQL = "INSERT " + insertSQL + " ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING"; //NON-NLS
                                break;
                        case SQLITE:
                                insertSQL = "INSERT OR IGNORE " + insertSQL;
                                break;
                        default:
                                throw new TskCoreException("Unknown DB Type: " + getDatabaseType().name());
                }
                statement.execute(insertSQL); //NON-NLS
        }

        static String extractExtension(final String fileName) {
                String ext;
                int i = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
                // > 0 because we assume it's not an extension if period is the first character
                if ((i > 0) && ((i + 1) < fileName.length())) {
                        ext = fileName.substring(i + 1);
                } else {
                        return "";
                }
                // we added this at one point to deal with files that had crazy names based on URLs
                // it's too hard though to clean those up and not mess up basic extensions though.
                // We need to add '-' to the below if we use it again
                //              String[] findNonAlphanumeric = ext.split("[^a-zA-Z0-9_]");
                //              if (findNonAlphanumeric.length > 1) {
                //                      ext = findNonAlphanumeric[0];
                //              }
                return ext.toLowerCase();
        }

        @Deprecated
        public int getSchemaVersion() {
                return getDBSchemaVersion().getMajor();
        }

        public VersionNumber getDBSchemaVersion() {
                return CURRENT_DB_SCHEMA_VERSION;
        }

        public CaseDbSchemaVersionNumber getDBSchemaCreationVersion() {
                return caseDBSchemaCreationVersion;
        }

        public DbType getDatabaseType() {
                return this.dbType;
        }

        public String getBackupDatabasePath() {
                return dbBackupPath;
        }

        public CaseDbTransaction beginTransaction() throws TskCoreException {
                return new CaseDbTransaction(this);
        }

        public String getDatabaseName() {
                return databaseName;
        }

        public String getDbDirPath() {
                return caseDirPath;
        }

        public void acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock() {
                if (dbType == DbType.SQLITE) {
                        rwLock.writeLock().lock();
                }
        }

        public void releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock() {
                if (dbType == DbType.SQLITE) {
                        rwLock.writeLock().unlock();
                }
        }

        public void acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock() {
                if (dbType == DbType.SQLITE) {
                        rwLock.readLock().lock();
                }
        }

        public void releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock() {
                if (dbType == DbType.SQLITE) {
                        rwLock.readLock().unlock();
                }
        }

        public static SleuthkitCase openCase(String dbPath) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        final SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle = SleuthkitJNI.openCaseDb(dbPath);
                        return new SleuthkitCase(dbPath, caseHandle, DbType.SQLITE);
                } catch (TskUnsupportedSchemaVersionException ex) {
                        //don't wrap in new TskCoreException
                        throw ex;
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to open case database at " + dbPath, ex);
                }
        }

        public static SleuthkitCase openCase(String databaseName, CaseDbConnectionInfo info, String caseDir) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        /*
                         * The flow of this method involves trying to open case and if
                         * successful, return that case. If unsuccessful, an exception is
                         * thrown. We catch any exceptions, and use tryConnect() to attempt
                         * to obtain further information about the error. If tryConnect() is
                         * unable to successfully connect, tryConnect() will throw a
                         * TskCoreException with a message containing user-level error
                         * reporting. If tryConnect() is able to connect, flow continues and
                         * we rethrow the original exception obtained from trying to create
                         * the case. In this way, we obtain more detailed information if we
                         * are able, but do not lose any information if unable.
                         */
                        final SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle = SleuthkitJNI.openCaseDb(databaseName, info);
                        return new SleuthkitCase(info.getHost(), Integer.parseInt(info.getPort()), databaseName, info.getUserName(), info.getPassword(), caseHandle, caseDir, info.getDbType());
                } catch (PropertyVetoException exp) {
                        // In this case, the JDBC driver doesn't support PostgreSQL. Use the generic message here.
                        throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage(), exp);
                } catch (TskUnsupportedSchemaVersionException ex) {
                        //don't wrap in new TskCoreException
                        throw ex;
                } catch (Exception exp) {
                        tryConnect(info); // attempt to connect, throw with user-friendly message if unable
                        throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage(), exp); // throw with generic message if tryConnect() was successful
                }
        }

        public static SleuthkitCase newCase(String dbPath) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        CaseDatabaseFactory factory = new CaseDatabaseFactory(dbPath);
                        factory.createCaseDatabase();

                        SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle = SleuthkitJNI.openCaseDb(dbPath);
                        return new SleuthkitCase(dbPath, caseHandle, DbType.SQLITE);
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to create case database at " + dbPath, ex);
                }
        }

        public static SleuthkitCase newCase(String caseName, CaseDbConnectionInfo info, String caseDirPath) throws TskCoreException {
                String databaseName = createCaseDataBaseName(caseName);
                try {
                        CaseDatabaseFactory factory = new CaseDatabaseFactory(databaseName, info);
                        factory.createCaseDatabase();

                        final SleuthkitJNI.CaseDbHandle caseHandle = SleuthkitJNI.openCaseDb(databaseName, info);
                        return new SleuthkitCase(info.getHost(), Integer.parseInt(info.getPort()),
                                        databaseName, info.getUserName(), info.getPassword(), caseHandle, caseDirPath, info.getDbType());
                } catch (PropertyVetoException exp) {
                        // In this case, the JDBC driver doesn't support PostgreSQL. Use the generic message here.
                        throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage(), exp);
                } catch (Exception exp) {
                        tryConnect(info); // attempt to connect, throw with user-friendly message if unable
                        throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage(), exp); // throw with generic message if tryConnect() was successful
                }
        }

        private static String createCaseDataBaseName(String candidateDbName) {
                String dbName;
                if (!candidateDbName.isEmpty()) {
                        /*
                         * Replace all non-ASCII characters.
                         */
                        dbName = candidateDbName.replaceAll("[^\\p{ASCII}]", "_"); //NON-NLS

                        /*
                         * Replace all control characters.
                         */
                        dbName = dbName.replaceAll("[\\p{Cntrl}]", "_"); //NON-NLS

                        /*
                         * Replace /, \, :, ?, space, ' ".
                         */
                        dbName = dbName.replaceAll("[ /?:'\"\\\\]", "_"); //NON-NLS

                        /*
                         * Make it all lowercase.
                         */
                        dbName = dbName.toLowerCase();

                        /*
                         * Must start with letter or underscore. If not, prepend an
                         * underscore.
                         */
                        if ((dbName.length() > 0 && !(Character.isLetter(dbName.codePointAt(0))) && !(dbName.codePointAt(0) == '_'))) {
                                dbName = "_" + dbName;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Truncate to 63 - 16 = 47 chars to accomodate a timestamp for
                         * uniqueness.
                         */
                        if (dbName.length() > MAX_DB_NAME_LEN_BEFORE_TIMESTAMP) {
                                dbName = dbName.substring(0, MAX_DB_NAME_LEN_BEFORE_TIMESTAMP);
                        }

                } else {
                        /*
                         * Must start with letter or underscore.
                         */
                        dbName = "_";
                }
                /*
                 * Add the time stmap.
                 */
                SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss");
                Date date = new Date();
                dbName = dbName + "_" + dateFormat.format(date);

                return dbName;
        }

        public Examiner getCurrentExaminer() throws TskCoreException {

                // return cached value if there's one
                if (cachedCurrentExaminer != null) {
                        return cachedCurrentExaminer;
                }
                String loginName = System.getProperty("user.name");
                if (loginName == null || loginName.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to determine logged in user name.");
                }

                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_EXAMINER_BY_LOGIN_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, loginName);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                cachedCurrentExaminer = new Examiner(resultSet.getLong("examiner_id"), resultSet.getString("login_name"), resultSet.getString("display_name"));
                                return cachedCurrentExaminer;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting examaminer for name = " + loginName);
                        }

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting examaminer for name = " + loginName, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

        }

        Examiner getExaminerById(long id) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_EXAMINER_BY_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                return new Examiner(resultSet.getLong("examiner_id"), resultSet.getString("login_name"), resultSet.getString("full_name"));
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting examaminer for id = " + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting examaminer for id = " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public AddImageProcess makeAddImageProcess(String timeZone, boolean addUnallocSpace, boolean noFatFsOrphans, String imageCopyPath) {
                return this.caseHandle.initAddImageProcess(timeZone, addUnallocSpace, noFatFsOrphans, imageCopyPath, this);
        }

        public List<Content> getRootObjects() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT obj_id, type FROM tsk_objects " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE par_obj_id IS NULL"); //NON-NLS
                        Collection<ObjectInfo> infos = new ArrayList<ObjectInfo>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                infos.add(new ObjectInfo(rs.getLong("obj_id"), ObjectType.valueOf(rs.getShort("type")))); //NON-NLS
                        }

                        List<Content> rootObjs = new ArrayList<Content>();
                        for (ObjectInfo i : infos) {
                                if (null != i.type) {
                                        switch (i.type) {
                                                case IMG:
                                                        rootObjs.add(getImageById(i.id));
                                                        break;
                                                case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                                        // Check if virtual dir for local files.
                                                        AbstractFile af = getAbstractFileById(i.id);
                                                        if (af instanceof VirtualDirectory) {
                                                                rootObjs.add(af);
                                                        } else {
                                                                throw new TskCoreException("Parentless object has wrong type to be a root (ABSTRACTFILE, but not VIRTUAL_DIRECTORY: " + i.type);
                                                        }
                                                        break;
                                                case REPORT:
                                                        break;
                                                case OS_ACCOUNT:
                                                        break;
                                                case HOST_ADDRESS:
                                                        break;
                                                case UNSUPPORTED:
                                                        break;
                                                default:
                                                        throw new TskCoreException("Parentless object has wrong type to be a root: " + i.type);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        return rootObjs;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting root objects", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Long> getDataSourceObjIds(String deviceId) throws TskCoreException {

                // check cached map first
                synchronized (deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap) {
                        if (deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap.containsKey(deviceId)) {
                                return new ArrayList<Long>(deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap.get(deviceId));
                        }

                        CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                        Statement s = null;
                        ResultSet rs = null;
                        acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        try {
                                connection = connections.getConnection();
                                s = connection.createStatement();
                                rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT obj_id FROM data_source_info WHERE device_id = '" + deviceId + "'"); //NON-NLS
                                List<Long> dataSourceObjIds = new ArrayList<Long>();
                                while (rs.next()) {
                                        dataSourceObjIds.add(rs.getLong("obj_id"));

                                        // Add to map of deviceID to data_source_obj_id.
                                        long ds_obj_id = rs.getLong("obj_id");
                                        if (deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap.containsKey(deviceId)) {
                                                deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap.get(deviceId).add(ds_obj_id);
                                        } else {
                                                deviceIdToDatasourceObjIdMap.put(deviceId, new HashSet<Long>(Arrays.asList(ds_obj_id)));
                                        }
                                }
                                return dataSourceObjIds;
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting data sources", ex);
                        } finally {
                                closeResultSet(rs);
                                closeStatement(s);
                                closeConnection(connection);
                                releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        }
                }
        }

        public List<DataSource> getDataSources() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement2 = null;
                ResultSet resultSet2 = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement2 = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement,
                                        "SELECT ds.obj_id, ds.device_id, ds.time_zone, img.type, img.ssize, img.size, img.md5, img.sha1, img.sha256, img.display_name "
                                        + "FROM data_source_info AS ds "
                                        + "LEFT JOIN tsk_image_info AS img "
                                        + "ON ds.obj_id = img.obj_id"); //NON-NLS

                        List<DataSource> dataSourceList = new ArrayList<DataSource>();
                        Map<Long, List<String>> imagePathsMap = getImagePaths();

                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                DataSource dataSource;
                                Long objectId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id");
                                String deviceId = resultSet.getString("device_id");
                                String timezone = resultSet.getString("time_zone");
                                String type = resultSet.getString("type");

                                if (type == null) {
                                        /*
                                         * No data found in 'tsk_image_info', so we build a
                                         * LocalFilesDataSource.
                                         */

                                        resultSet2 = connection.executeQuery(statement2, "SELECT name FROM tsk_files WHERE tsk_files.obj_id = " + objectId); //NON-NLS
                                        String dsName = (resultSet2.next()) ? resultSet2.getString("name") : "";
                                        resultSet2.close();

                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                                        String parentPath = "/"; //NON-NLS
                                        dataSource = new LocalFilesDataSource(this, objectId, objectId, deviceId, dsName, dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags, timezone, null, null, FileKnown.UNKNOWN, parentPath);
                                } else {
                                        /*
                                         * Data found in 'tsk_image_info', so we build an Image.
                                         */
                                        Long ssize = resultSet.getLong("ssize");
                                        Long size = resultSet.getLong("size");
                                        String md5 = resultSet.getString("md5");
                                        String sha1 = resultSet.getString("sha1");
                                        String sha256 = resultSet.getString("sha256");
                                        String name = resultSet.getString("display_name");

                                        List<String> imagePaths = imagePathsMap.get(objectId);
                                        if (name == null) {
                                                if (imagePaths.size() > 0) {
                                                        String path = imagePaths.get(0);
                                                        name = (new java.io.File(path)).getName();
                                                } else {
                                                        name = "";
                                                }
                                        }

                                        dataSource = new Image(this, objectId, Long.valueOf(type), deviceId, ssize, name,
                                                        imagePaths.toArray(new String[imagePaths.size()]), timezone, md5, sha1, sha256, size);
                                }

                                dataSourceList.add(dataSource);
                        }

                        return dataSourceList;

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting data sources", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeResultSet(resultSet2);
                        closeStatement(statement2);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public DataSource getDataSource(long objectId) throws TskDataException, TskCoreException {
                DataSource dataSource = null;
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement2 = null;
                ResultSet resultSet2 = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement2 = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement,
                                        "SELECT ds.device_id, ds.time_zone, img.type, img.ssize, img.size, img.md5, img.sha1, img.sha256, img.display_name "
                                        + "FROM data_source_info AS ds "
                                        + "LEFT JOIN tsk_image_info AS img "
                                        + "ON ds.obj_id = img.obj_id "
                                        + "WHERE ds.obj_id = " + objectId); //NON-NLS
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                String deviceId = resultSet.getString("device_id");
                                String timezone = resultSet.getString("time_zone");
                                String type = resultSet.getString("type");

                                if (type == null) {
                                        /*
                                         * No data found in 'tsk_image_info', so we build an
                                         * LocalFilesDataSource.
                                         */

                                        resultSet2 = connection.executeQuery(statement2, "SELECT name FROM tsk_files WHERE tsk_files.obj_id = " + objectId); //NON-NLS
                                        String dsName = (resultSet2.next()) ? resultSet2.getString("name") : "";

                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                                        String parentPath = "/"; //NON-NLS
                                        dataSource = new LocalFilesDataSource(this, objectId, objectId, deviceId, dsName, dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags, timezone, null, null, FileKnown.UNKNOWN, parentPath);
                                } else {
                                        /*
                                         * Data found in 'tsk_image_info', so we build an Image.
                                         */
                                        Long ssize = resultSet.getLong("ssize");
                                        Long size = resultSet.getLong("size");
                                        String md5 = resultSet.getString("md5");
                                        String sha1 = resultSet.getString("sha1");
                                        String sha256 = resultSet.getString("sha256");
                                        String name = resultSet.getString("display_name");

                                        List<String> imagePaths = getImagePathsById(objectId, connection);
                                        if (name == null) {
                                                if (imagePaths.size() > 0) {
                                                        String path = imagePaths.get(0);
                                                        name = (new java.io.File(path)).getName();
                                                } else {
                                                        name = "";
                                                }
                                        }

                                        dataSource = new Image(this, objectId, Long.valueOf(type), deviceId, ssize, name,
                                                        imagePaths.toArray(new String[imagePaths.size()]), timezone, md5, sha1, sha256, size);
                                }
                        } else {
                                throw new TskDataException(String.format("There is no data source with obj_id = %d", objectId));
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error getting data source with obj_id = %d", objectId), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeResultSet(resultSet2);
                        closeStatement(statement2);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

                return dataSource;
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(int artifactTypeID) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifacts.artifact_type_id = " + artifactTypeID);
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsCount(long objId) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_FROM_SOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        long count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getLong("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting number of blackboard artifacts by content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsTypeCount(int artifactTypeID) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_type_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_OF_TYPE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setInt(1, artifactTypeID);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        long count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getLong("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting number of blackboard artifacts by type", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsTypeCount(int artifactTypeID, long dataSourceID) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_type_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_OF_TYPE_BY_DATA_SOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setInt(2, artifactTypeID);
                        statement.setLong(1, dataSourceID);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        long count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getLong("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error getting number of blackboard artifacts by type (%d) and data source (%d)", artifactTypeID, dataSourceID), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, String value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + "arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, "//NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_text = '" + value + "'"
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id"
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());   //NON-NLS
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, String subString, boolean startsWith) throws TskCoreException {
                String valSubStr = "%" + subString; //NON-NLS
                if (startsWith == false) {
                        valSubStr += "%"; //NON-NLS
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + " WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND LOWER(attrs.value_text) LIKE LOWER('" + valSubStr + "')"
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute. " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, int value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + " types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id  "//NON-NLS
                                        + " FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_int32 = " + value //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, long value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + " types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "//NON-NLS
                                        + " FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + " WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_int64 = " + value //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute. " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, double value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + " types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "//NON-NLS
                                        + " FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + " WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_double = " + value //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, byte value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + " arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + " types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + " arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "//NON-NLS
                                        + " FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + " WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_byte = " + value //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by attribute", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public Iterable<BlackboardArtifact.Type> getArtifactTypes() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT artifact_type_id, type_name, display_name, category_type FROM blackboard_artifact_types"); //NON-NLS
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.Type> artifactTypes = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.Type>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifactTypes.add(new BlackboardArtifact.Type(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"),
                                                rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"), 
                                                BlackboardArtifact.Category.fromID(rs.getInt("category_type"))));
                        }
                        return artifactTypes;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifact types", ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE> getBlackboardArtifactTypesInUse() throws TskCoreException {
                String typeIdList = "";
                for (int i = 0; i < BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.values().length; ++i) {
                        typeIdList += BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.values()[i].getTypeID();
                        if (i < BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.values().length - 1) {
                                typeIdList += ", ";
                        }
                }
                String query = "SELECT DISTINCT artifact_type_id FROM blackboard_artifacts "
                                + "WHERE artifact_type_id IN (" + typeIdList + ")";
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, query);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE> usedArts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                usedArts.add(ARTIFACT_TYPE.fromID(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id")));
                        }
                        return usedArts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifact types in use", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact.Type> getArtifactTypesInUse() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s,
                                        "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, "
                                        + "types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + "types.category_type AS category_type "
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifact_types AS types "
                                        + "INNER JOIN blackboard_artifacts AS arts "
                                        + "ON arts.artifact_type_id = types.artifact_type_id"); //NON-NLS
                        List<BlackboardArtifact.Type> uniqueArtifactTypes = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.Type>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                uniqueArtifactTypes.add(new BlackboardArtifact.Type(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"),
                                                rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"), 
                                                BlackboardArtifact.Category.fromID(rs.getInt("category_type"))));
                        }
                        return uniqueArtifactTypes;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attribute types", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardAttribute.Type> getAttributeTypes() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT attribute_type_id, type_name, display_name, value_type FROM blackboard_attribute_types"); //NON-NLS
                        ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute.Type> attribute_types = new ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute.Type>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                attribute_types.add(new BlackboardAttribute.Type(rs.getInt("attribute_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"),
                                                rs.getString("display_name"), TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.fromType(rs.getLong("value_type"))));
                        }
                        return attribute_types;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attribute types", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public int getBlackboardAttributeTypesCount() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_attribute_types"); //NON-NLS
                        int count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getInt("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting number of blackboard artifacts by type", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getArtifactsHelper(String whereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        String query = "SELECT blackboard_artifacts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.obj_id AS obj_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifact_types.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifact_types.type_name AS type_name, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifact_types.display_name AS display_name, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts, blackboard_artifact_types "
                                        + "WHERE blackboard_artifacts.artifact_type_id = blackboard_artifact_types.artifact_type_id "
                                        + " AND blackboard_artifacts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID()
                                        + " AND " + whereClause;
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement, query);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting or creating a blackboard artifact", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private long getArtifactsCountHelper(int artifactTypeID, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE obj_id = ? AND artifact_type_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_SOURCE_AND_TYPE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, obj_id);
                        statement.setInt(2, artifactTypeID);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        long count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getLong("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifact count", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(String artifactTypeName, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifacts.obj_id = " + obj_id + " AND blackboard_artifact_types.type_name = '" + artifactTypeName + "';");
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(int artifactTypeID, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifacts.obj_id = " + obj_id + " AND blackboard_artifact_types.artifact_type_id = " + artifactTypeID + ";");
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(ARTIFACT_TYPE artifactType, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return getBlackboardArtifacts(artifactType.getTypeID(), obj_id);
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsCount(String artifactTypeName, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                int artifactTypeID = this.getArtifactType(artifactTypeName).getTypeID();
                if (artifactTypeID == -1) {
                        return 0;
                }
                return getArtifactsCountHelper(artifactTypeID, obj_id);
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsCount(int artifactTypeID, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsCountHelper(artifactTypeID, obj_id);
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactsCount(ARTIFACT_TYPE artifactType, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsCountHelper(artifactType.getTypeID(), obj_id);
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(String artifactTypeName) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifact_types.type_name = '" + artifactTypeName + "';");
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(ARTIFACT_TYPE artifactType) throws TskCoreException {
                return getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifact_types.artifact_type_id = " + artifactType.getTypeID() + ";");
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifact> getBlackboardArtifacts(ARTIFACT_TYPE artifactType, BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE attrType, String value) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT DISTINCT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, " //NON-NLS
                                        + "arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id as artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name,"
                                        + "arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "//NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_artifact_types AS types " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE arts.artifact_id = attrs.artifact_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + "AND attrs.attribute_type_id = " + attrType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND arts.artifact_type_id = " + artifactType.getTypeID() //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND attrs.value_text = '" + value + "'" //NON-NLS
                                        + " AND types.artifact_type_id=arts.artifact_type_id"
                                        + " AND arts.review_status_id !=" + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID());
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                        }
                        return artifacts;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifacts by artifact type and attribute. " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardArtifact getBlackboardArtifact(long artifactID) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT arts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, "
                                        + "arts.obj_id AS obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id as artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name,"
                                        + "arts.review_status_id AS review_status_id "//NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts AS arts, blackboard_artifact_types AS types "
                                        + "WHERE arts.artifact_id = " + artifactID
                                        + " AND arts.artifact_type_id = types.artifact_type_id");
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                return new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id")));
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * I think this should actually return null (or Optional) when
                                 * there is no artifact with the given id, but it looks like
                                 * existing code is not expecting that. -jm
                                 */
                                throw new TskCoreException("No blackboard artifact with id " + artifactID);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting a blackboard artifact. " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public void addBlackboardAttribute(BlackboardAttribute attr, int artifactTypeId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        addBlackBoardAttribute(attr, artifactTypeId, connection);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding blackboard attribute " + attr.toString(), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public void addBlackboardAttributes(Collection<BlackboardAttribute> attributes, int artifactTypeId) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        for (final BlackboardAttribute attr : attributes) {
                                addBlackBoardAttribute(attr, artifactTypeId, connection);
                        }
                        connection.commitTransaction();
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding blackboard attributes", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void addBlackBoardAttribute(BlackboardAttribute attr, int artifactTypeId, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                PreparedStatement statement;
                switch (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType()) {
                        case STRING:
                        case JSON:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_STRING_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(7, attr.getValueString());
                                break;
                        case BYTE:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_BYTE_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setBytes(7, attr.getValueBytes());
                                break;
                        case INTEGER:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_INT_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setInt(7, attr.getValueInt());
                                break;
                        case LONG:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LONG_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(7, attr.getValueLong());
                                break;
                        case DOUBLE:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_DOUBLE_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setDouble(7, attr.getValueDouble());
                                break;
                        case DATETIME:
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LONG_ATTRIBUTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(7, attr.getValueLong());
                                break;
                        default:
                                throw new TskCoreException("Unrecognized artifact attribute value type");
                }
                statement.setLong(1, attr.getArtifactID());
                statement.setInt(2, artifactTypeId);
                statement.setString(3, attr.getSourcesCSV());
                statement.setString(4, "");
                statement.setInt(5, attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID());
                statement.setLong(6, attr.getAttributeType().getValueType().getType());
                connection.executeUpdate(statement);
        }

        void addFileAttribute(Attribute attr, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                PreparedStatement statement;
                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE_ATTRIBUTE, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                statement.clearParameters();

                statement.setLong(1, attr.getAttributeParentId());
                statement.setInt(2, attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID());
                statement.setLong(3, attr.getAttributeType().getValueType().getType());

                if (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.BYTE) {
                        statement.setBytes(4, attr.getValueBytes());
                } else {
                        statement.setBytes(4, null);
                }

                if (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.STRING
                                || attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.JSON) {
                        statement.setString(5, attr.getValueString());
                } else {
                        statement.setString(5, null);
                }
                if (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.INTEGER) {
                        statement.setInt(6, attr.getValueInt());
                } else {
                        statement.setNull(6, java.sql.Types.INTEGER);
                }

                if (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.DATETIME
                                || attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.LONG) {
                        statement.setLong(7, attr.getValueLong());
                } else {
                        statement.setNull(7, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                }

                if (attr.getAttributeType().getValueType() == TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.DOUBLE) {
                        statement.setDouble(8, attr.getValueDouble());
                } else {
                        statement.setNull(8, java.sql.Types.DOUBLE);
                }

                connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
                        if (!resultSet.next()) {
                                throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Failed to insert file attribute "
                                                + "with id=%d. The expected key was not generated", attr.getId()));
                        }

                        attr.setId(resultSet.getLong(1));
                }
        }

        String addSourceToArtifactAttribute(BlackboardAttribute attr, String source) throws TskCoreException {
                /*
                 * WARNING: This is a temporary implementation that is not safe and
                 * denormalizes the case datbase.
                 *
                 * TODO (JIRA-2294): Provide a safe and normalized solution to tracking
                 * the sources of artifact attributes.
                 */
                if (null == source || source.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Attempt to add null or empty source module name to artifact attribute");
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                Statement queryStmt = null;
                Statement updateStmt = null;
                ResultSet result = null;
                String newSources = "";
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        String valueClause = "";
                        BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE valueType = attr.getAttributeType().getValueType();
                        if (BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.BYTE != valueType) {
                                switch (valueType) {
                                        case STRING:
                                        case JSON:
                                                valueClause = " value_text = '" + escapeSingleQuotes(attr.getValueString()) + "'";
                                                break;
                                        case INTEGER:
                                                valueClause = " value_int32 = " + attr.getValueInt();
                                                break;
                                        case LONG:
                                        case DATETIME:
                                                valueClause = " value_int64 = " + attr.getValueLong();
                                                break;
                                        case DOUBLE:
                                                valueClause = " value_double = " + attr.getValueDouble();
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Unrecognized value type for attribute %s", attr.getDisplayString()));
                                }
                                String query = "SELECT source FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE"
                                                + " artifact_id = " + attr.getArtifactID()
                                                + " AND attribute_type_id = " + attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID()
                                                + " AND value_type = " + attr.getAttributeType().getValueType().getType()
                                                + " AND " + valueClause + ";";
                                queryStmt = connection.createStatement();
                                updateStmt = connection.createStatement();
                                result = connection.executeQuery(queryStmt, query);
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * SELECT source FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE artifact_id =
                                 * ? AND attribute_type_id = ? AND value_type = 4 AND value_byte
                                 * = ?
                                 */
                                PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ATTR_BY_VALUE_BYTE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(1, attr.getArtifactID());
                                statement.setLong(2, attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID());
                                statement.setBytes(3, attr.getValueBytes());
                                result = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        }
                        while (result.next()) {
                                String oldSources = result.getString("source");
                                if (null != oldSources && !oldSources.isEmpty()) {
                                        Set<String> uniqueSources = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(oldSources.split(",")));
                                        if (!uniqueSources.contains(source)) {
                                                newSources = oldSources + "," + source;
                                        } else {
                                                newSources = oldSources;
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        newSources = source;
                                }
                                if (BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.BYTE != valueType) {
                                        String update = "UPDATE blackboard_attributes SET source = '" + newSources + "' WHERE"
                                                        + " artifact_id = " + attr.getArtifactID()
                                                        + " AND attribute_type_id = " + attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID()
                                                        + " AND value_type = " + attr.getAttributeType().getValueType().getType()
                                                        + " AND " + valueClause + ";";
                                        connection.executeUpdate(updateStmt, update);
                                } else {
                                        /*
                                         * UPDATE blackboard_attributes SET source = ? WHERE
                                         * artifact_id = ? AND attribute_type_id = ? AND value_type
                                         * = 4 AND value_byte = ?
                                         */
                                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_ATTR_BY_VALUE_BYTE);
                                        statement.clearParameters();
                                        statement.setString(1, newSources);
                                        statement.setLong(2, attr.getArtifactID());
                                        statement.setLong(3, attr.getAttributeType().getTypeID());
                                        statement.setBytes(4, attr.getValueBytes());
                                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                                }
                        }
                        connection.commitTransaction();
                        return newSources;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error adding source module to attribute %s", attr.getDisplayString()), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(result);
                        closeStatement(updateStmt);
                        closeStatement(queryStmt);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardAttribute.Type addArtifactAttributeType(String attrTypeString, TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE valueType, String displayName) throws TskCoreException, TskDataException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT attribute_type_id FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE type_name = '" + attrTypeString + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        if (!rs.next()) {
                                rs.close();
                                rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT MAX(attribute_type_id) AS highest_id FROM blackboard_attribute_types");
                                int maxID = 0;
                                if (rs.next()) {
                                        maxID = rs.getInt("highest_id");
                                        if (maxID < MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID) {
                                                maxID = MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID;
                                        } else {
                                                maxID++;
                                        }
                                }
                                connection.executeUpdate(s, "INSERT INTO blackboard_attribute_types (attribute_type_id, type_name, display_name, value_type) VALUES ('" + maxID + "', '" + attrTypeString + "', '" + displayName + "', '" + valueType.getType() + "')"); //NON-NLS
                                BlackboardAttribute.Type type = new BlackboardAttribute.Type(maxID, attrTypeString, displayName, valueType);
                                this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), type);
                                this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getTypeName(), type);
                                connection.commitTransaction();
                                return type;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskDataException("The attribute type that was added was already within the system.");
                        }

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding attribute type", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardAttribute.Type getAttributeType(String attrTypeName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.containsKey(attrTypeName)) {
                        return this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.get(attrTypeName);
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT attribute_type_id, type_name, display_name, value_type FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE type_name = '" + attrTypeName + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        BlackboardAttribute.Type type = null;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                type = new BlackboardAttribute.Type(rs.getInt("attribute_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"),
                                                rs.getString("display_name"), TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.fromType(rs.getLong("value_type")));
                                this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), type);
                                this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(attrTypeName, type);
                        }
                        return type;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attribute type id", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        BlackboardAttribute.Type getAttributeType(int typeID) throws TskCoreException {
                if (this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.containsKey(typeID)) {
                        return this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.get(typeID);
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT attribute_type_id, type_name, display_name, value_type FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE attribute_type_id = " + typeID + ""); //NON-NLS
                        BlackboardAttribute.Type type = null;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                type = new BlackboardAttribute.Type(rs.getInt("attribute_type_id"), rs.getString("type_name"),
                                                rs.getString("display_name"), TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.fromType(rs.getLong("value_type")));
                                this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(typeID, type);
                                this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(type.getTypeName(), type);
                        }
                        return type;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attribute type id", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardArtifact.Type getArtifactType(String artTypeName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.containsKey(artTypeName)) {
                        return this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.get(artTypeName);
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT artifact_type_id, type_name, display_name, category_type FROM blackboard_artifact_types WHERE type_name = '" + artTypeName + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        BlackboardArtifact.Type type = null;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                type = new BlackboardArtifact.Type(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"),
                                                rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"), 
                                                BlackboardArtifact.Category.fromID(rs.getInt("category_type")));
                                this.typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), type);
                                this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.put(artTypeName, type);
                        }
                        return type;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifact type from the database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        BlackboardArtifact.Type getArtifactType(int artTypeId) throws TskCoreException {
                if (this.typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.containsKey(artTypeId)) {
                        return typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.get(artTypeId);
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT artifact_type_id, type_name, display_name, category_type FROM blackboard_artifact_types WHERE artifact_type_id = " + artTypeId + ""); //NON-NLS
                        BlackboardArtifact.Type type = null;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                type = new BlackboardArtifact.Type(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"),
                                                rs.getString("type_name"), rs.getString("display_name"), 
                                                BlackboardArtifact.Category.fromID(rs.getInt("category_type")));
                                this.typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.put(artTypeId, type);
                                this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getTypeName(), type);
                                return type;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No artifact type found matching id: " + artTypeId);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifact type from the database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardArtifact.Type addBlackboardArtifactType(String artifactTypeName, String displayName) throws TskCoreException, TskDataException {

                return addBlackboardArtifactType(artifactTypeName, displayName, BlackboardArtifact.Category.DATA_ARTIFACT);
        }

        BlackboardArtifact.Type addBlackboardArtifactType(String artifactTypeName, String displayName, BlackboardArtifact.Category category) throws TskCoreException, TskDataException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT artifact_type_id FROM blackboard_artifact_types WHERE type_name = '" + artifactTypeName + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        if (!rs.next()) {
                                rs.close();
                                rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT MAX(artifact_type_id) AS highest_id FROM blackboard_artifact_types");
                                int maxID = 0;
                                if (rs.next()) {
                                        maxID = rs.getInt("highest_id");
                                        if (maxID < MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID) {
                                                maxID = MIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ID;
                                        } else {
                                                maxID++;
                                        }
                                }
                                connection.executeUpdate(s, "INSERT INTO blackboard_artifact_types (artifact_type_id, type_name, display_name, category_type) VALUES ('" + maxID + "', '" + artifactTypeName + "', '" + displayName + "', " + category.getID() + " )"); //NON-NLS
                                BlackboardArtifact.Type type = new BlackboardArtifact.Type(maxID, artifactTypeName, displayName, category);
                                this.typeIdToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getTypeID(), type);
                                this.typeNameToArtifactTypeMap.put(type.getTypeName(), type);
                                connection.commitTransaction();
                                return type;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskDataException("The attribute type that was added was already within the system.");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding artifact type", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute> getBlackboardAttributes(final BlackboardArtifact artifact) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT attrs.artifact_id AS artifact_id, "
                                        + "attrs.source AS source, attrs.context AS context, attrs.attribute_type_id AS attribute_type_id, "
                                        + "attrs.value_type AS value_type, attrs.value_byte AS value_byte, "
                                        + "attrs.value_text AS value_text, attrs.value_int32 AS value_int32, "
                                        + "attrs.value_int64 AS value_int64, attrs.value_double AS value_double, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name "
                                        + "FROM blackboard_attributes AS attrs, blackboard_attribute_types AS types WHERE attrs.artifact_id = " + artifact.getArtifactID()
                                        + " AND attrs.attribute_type_id = types.attribute_type_id");
                        ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute> attributes = new ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                int attributeTypeId = rs.getInt("attribute_type_id");
                                String attributeTypeName = rs.getString("type_name");
                                BlackboardAttribute.Type attributeType;
                                if (this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.containsKey(attributeTypeId)) {
                                        attributeType = this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.get(attributeTypeId);
                                } else {
                                        attributeType = new BlackboardAttribute.Type(attributeTypeId, attributeTypeName,
                                                        rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                        BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.fromType(rs.getInt("value_type")));
                                        this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(attributeTypeId, attributeType);
                                        this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(attributeTypeName, attributeType);
                                }

                                final BlackboardAttribute attr = new BlackboardAttribute(
                                                rs.getLong("artifact_id"),
                                                attributeType,
                                                rs.getString("source"),
                                                rs.getString("context"),
                                                rs.getInt("value_int32"),
                                                rs.getLong("value_int64"),
                                                rs.getDouble("value_double"),
                                                rs.getString("value_text"),
                                                rs.getBytes("value_byte"), this
                                );
                                attr.setParentDataSourceID(artifact.getDataSourceObjectID());
                                attributes.add(attr);
                        }
                        return attributes;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attributes for artifact, artifact id = " + artifact.getArtifactID(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        ArrayList<Attribute> getFileAttributes(final AbstractFile file) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT attrs.id as id,  attrs.obj_id AS obj_id, "
                                        + "attrs.attribute_type_id AS attribute_type_id, "
                                        + "attrs.value_type AS value_type, attrs.value_byte AS value_byte, "
                                        + "attrs.value_text AS value_text, attrs.value_int32 AS value_int32, "
                                        + "attrs.value_int64 AS value_int64, attrs.value_double AS value_double, "
                                        + "types.type_name AS type_name, types.display_name AS display_name "
                                        + "FROM tsk_file_attributes AS attrs "
                                        + " INNER JOIN blackboard_attribute_types AS types "
                                        + " ON attrs.attribute_type_id = types.attribute_type_id "
                                        + " WHERE attrs.obj_id = " + file.getId());

                        ArrayList<Attribute> attributes = new ArrayList<Attribute>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                int attributeTypeId = rs.getInt("attribute_type_id");
                                String attributeTypeName = rs.getString("type_name");
                                BlackboardAttribute.Type attributeType;
                                if (this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.containsKey(attributeTypeId)) {
                                        attributeType = this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.get(attributeTypeId);
                                } else {
                                        attributeType = new BlackboardAttribute.Type(attributeTypeId, attributeTypeName,
                                                        rs.getString("display_name"),
                                                        BlackboardAttribute.TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.fromType(rs.getInt("value_type")));
                                        this.typeIdToAttributeTypeMap.put(attributeTypeId, attributeType);
                                        this.typeNameToAttributeTypeMap.put(attributeTypeName, attributeType);
                                }

                                final Attribute attr = new Attribute(
                                                rs.getLong("id"),
                                                rs.getLong("obj_id"),
                                                attributeType,
                                                rs.getInt("value_int32"),
                                                rs.getLong("value_int64"),
                                                rs.getDouble("value_double"),
                                                rs.getString("value_text"),
                                                rs.getBytes("value_byte"), this
                                );
                                attributes.add(attr);
                        }
                        return attributes;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attributes for file, file id = " + file.getId(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute> getMatchingAttributes(String whereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT blackboard_attributes.artifact_id AS artifact_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.source AS source, blackboard_attributes.context AS context, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.attribute_type_id AS attribute_type_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.value_type AS value_type, blackboard_attributes.value_byte AS value_byte, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.value_text AS value_text, blackboard_attributes.value_int32 AS value_int32, "
                                        + "blackboard_attributes.value_int64 AS value_int64, blackboard_attributes.value_double AS value_double "
                                        + "FROM blackboard_attributes " + whereClause); //NON-NLS
                        ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute> matches = new ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                BlackboardAttribute.Type type;
                                // attribute type is cached, so this does not necessarily call to the db
                                type = this.getAttributeType(rs.getInt("attribute_type_id"));
                                BlackboardAttribute attr = new BlackboardAttribute(
                                                rs.getLong("artifact_id"),
                                                type,
                                                rs.getString("source"),
                                                rs.getString("context"),
                                                rs.getInt("value_int32"),
                                                rs.getLong("value_int64"),
                                                rs.getDouble("value_double"),
                                                rs.getString("value_text"),
                                                rs.getBytes("value_byte"), this
                                );
                                matches.add(attr);
                        }
                        return matches;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attributes using this where clause: " + whereClause, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> getMatchingArtifacts(String whereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT blackboard_artifacts.artifact_id AS artifact_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.obj_id AS obj_id, blackboard_artifacts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id, blackboard_artifacts.data_source_obj_id AS data_source_obj_id, blackboard_artifacts.artifact_type_id AS artifact_type_id, "
                                        + "blackboard_artifacts.review_status_id AS review_status_id  "
                                        + "FROM blackboard_artifacts " + whereClause); //NON-NLS
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> matches = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                BlackboardArtifact.Type type;
                                // artifact type is cached, so this does not necessarily call to the db
                                type = this.getArtifactType(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"));
                                BlackboardArtifact artifact = new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"),
                                                rs.getObject("data_source_obj_id") != null ? rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id") : null,
                                                type.getTypeID(), type.getTypeName(), type.getDisplayName(),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id")));
                                matches.add(artifact);
                        }
                        return matches;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attributes using this where clause: " + whereClause, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public BlackboardArtifact newBlackboardArtifact(int artifactTypeID, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                BlackboardArtifact.Type type = getArtifactType(artifactTypeID);
                if (type == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Unknown artifact type for id: " + artifactTypeID);
                }
                
                Category category = type.getCategory();
                if (category == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("No category for %s (id: %d)", 
                                        type.getDisplayName() == null ? "<null>" : type.getDisplayName(),
                                        type.getTypeID()));
                }
                
                Content content = getContentById(obj_id);
                if (content == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("No content found for object id: " + obj_id);
                }
                
                switch (category) {
                        case ANALYSIS_RESULT: 
                                return content.newAnalysisResult(type, Score.SCORE_UNKNOWN, null, null, null, Collections.emptyList())
                                                .getAnalysisResult();
                        case DATA_ARTIFACT:
                                return content.newDataArtifact(type, Collections.emptyList());
                        default:
                                throw new TskCoreException("Unknown category type: " + category.getName());
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        public BlackboardArtifact newBlackboardArtifact(ARTIFACT_TYPE artifactType, long obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                return newBlackboardArtifact(artifactType.getTypeID(), obj_id);
        }

        @Deprecated
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        BlackboardArtifact newBlackboardArtifact(int artifactTypeID, long obj_id, long data_source_obj_id) throws TskCoreException {
                BlackboardArtifact.Type type = getArtifactType(artifactTypeID);
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection()) {
                        return newBlackboardArtifact(artifactTypeID, obj_id, type.getTypeName(), type.getDisplayName(), data_source_obj_id, connection);
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        private BlackboardArtifact newBlackboardArtifact(int artifact_type_id, long obj_id, String artifactTypeName, String artifactDisplayName) throws TskCoreException {
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection()) {
                        long data_source_obj_id = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, obj_id);
                        return this.newBlackboardArtifact(artifact_type_id, obj_id, artifactTypeName, artifactDisplayName, data_source_obj_id, connection);
                }
        }

        PreparedStatement createInsertArtifactStatement(int artifact_type_id, long obj_id, long artifact_obj_id, long data_source_obj_id, CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException, SQLException {

                PreparedStatement statement;
                if (dbType == DbType.POSTGRESQL) {
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.POSTGRESQL_INSERT_ARTIFACT, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, obj_id);
                        statement.setLong(2, artifact_obj_id);
                        statement.setLong(3, data_source_obj_id);
                        statement.setInt(4, artifact_type_id);
                } else {
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_ARTIFACT, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        this.nextArtifactId++;
                        statement.setLong(1, this.nextArtifactId);
                        statement.setLong(2, obj_id);
                        statement.setLong(3, artifact_obj_id);
                        statement.setLong(4, data_source_obj_id);
                        statement.setInt(5, artifact_type_id);
                }

                return statement;
        }

        @Deprecated
        BlackboardArtifact newBlackboardArtifact(int artifact_type_id, long obj_id, String artifactTypeName, String artifactDisplayName, long data_source_obj_id, CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        long artifact_obj_id = addObject(obj_id, TskData.ObjectType.ARTIFACT.getObjectType(), connection);
                        PreparedStatement statement = createInsertArtifactStatement(artifact_type_id, obj_id, artifact_obj_id, data_source_obj_id, connection);

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
                                resultSet.next();
                                return new BlackboardArtifact(this, resultSet.getLong(1), //last_insert_rowid()
                                                obj_id, artifact_obj_id, data_source_obj_id, artifact_type_id, artifactTypeName, artifactDisplayName, BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED, true);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error creating a blackboard artifact", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        AnalysisResult newAnalysisResult(BlackboardArtifact.Type artifactType, long objId, Long dataSourceObjId, Score score, String conclusion, String configuration, String justification, CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException {

                if (artifactType.getCategory() != BlackboardArtifact.Category.ANALYSIS_RESULT) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Artifact type (name = %s) is not of the AnalysisResult category. ", artifactType.getTypeName()));
                }

                long artifactID;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // add a row in tsk_objects
                        long artifactObjId = addObject(objId, TskData.ObjectType.ARTIFACT.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // add a row in blackboard_artifacts table
                        PreparedStatement insertArtifactstatement;
                        ResultSet resultSet = null;
                        try {
                                insertArtifactstatement = createInsertArtifactStatement(artifactType.getTypeID(), objId, artifactObjId, dataSourceObjId, connection);
                                connection.executeUpdate(insertArtifactstatement);
                                resultSet = insertArtifactstatement.getGeneratedKeys();
                                resultSet.next();
                                artifactID = resultSet.getLong(1); //last_insert_rowid()

                                // add a row in tsk_analysis_results if any data for it is set
                                if (score.getSignificance() != Score.Significance.UNKNOWN
                                                || !StringUtils.isBlank(conclusion)
                                                || !StringUtils.isBlank(configuration)
                                                || !StringUtils.isBlank(justification)) {

                                        PreparedStatement analysisResultsStatement;

                                        analysisResultsStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_ANALYSIS_RESULT);
                                        analysisResultsStatement.clearParameters();

                                        analysisResultsStatement.setLong(1, artifactObjId);
                                        analysisResultsStatement.setString(2, (conclusion != null) ? conclusion : "");
                                        analysisResultsStatement.setInt(3, score.getSignificance().getId());
                                        analysisResultsStatement.setInt(4, score.getPriority().getId());
                                        analysisResultsStatement.setString(5, (configuration != null) ? configuration : "");
                                        analysisResultsStatement.setString(6, (justification != null) ? justification : "");

                                        connection.executeUpdate(analysisResultsStatement);
                                }

                                return new AnalysisResult(this, artifactID, objId, artifactObjId, dataSourceObjId, artifactType.getTypeID(),
                                                artifactType.getTypeName(), artifactType.getDisplayName(),
                                                BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED, true,
                                                score, (conclusion != null) ? conclusion : "",
                                                (configuration != null) ? configuration : "", (justification != null) ? justification : "");

                        } finally {
                                closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        }

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error creating a analysis result", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        boolean getContentHasChildren(Content content) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(obj_id) AS count FROM tsk_objects WHERE par_obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_CHILD_OBJECTS_BY_PARENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, content.getId());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        boolean hasChildren = false;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                hasChildren = rs.getInt("count") > 0;
                        }
                        return hasChildren;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error checking for children of parent " + content, e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        int getContentChildrenCount(Content content) throws TskCoreException {

                if (!this.getHasChildren(content)) {
                        return 0;
                }

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(obj_id) AS count FROM tsk_objects WHERE par_obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_CHILD_OBJECTS_BY_PARENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, content.getId());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        int countChildren = -1;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                countChildren = rs.getInt("count");
                        }
                        return countChildren;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error checking for children of parent " + content, e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Content> getAbstractFileChildren(Content parent, TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM type) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT_AND_TYPE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        long parentId = parent.getId();
                        statement.setLong(1, parentId);
                        statement.setShort(2, type.getFileType());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        return fileChildren(rs, connection, parentId);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting AbstractFile children for Content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }
        
        List<Content> getAbstractFileChildren(Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        long parentId = parent.getId();
                        statement.setLong(1, parentId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        return fileChildren(rs, connection, parentId);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting AbstractFile children for Content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Long> getAbstractFileChildrenIds(Content parent, TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM type) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_IDS_BY_PARENT_AND_TYPE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, parent.getId());
                        statement.setShort(2, type.getFileType());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                children.add(rs.getLong("obj_id"));
                        }
                        return children;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting AbstractFile children for Content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Long> getAbstractFileChildrenIds(Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_IDS_BY_PARENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, parent.getId());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                children.add(rs.getLong("obj_id"));
                        }
                        return children;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting AbstractFile children for Content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Long> getBlackboardArtifactChildrenIds(Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_OBJECTIDS_BY_PARENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, parent.getId());
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                children.add(rs.getLong("obj_id"));
                        }
                        return children;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting children for BlackboardArtifact", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        List<Content> getBlackboardArtifactChildren(Content parent) throws TskCoreException {

                long parentId = parent.getId();
                ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artsArray = getArtifactsHelper("blackboard_artifacts.obj_id = " + parentId + ";");

                List<Content> lc = new ArrayList<Content>();
                lc.addAll(artsArray);
                return lc;
        }

        Collection<ObjectInfo> getChildrenInfo(Content c) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT tsk_objects.obj_id AS obj_id, tsk_objects.type AS type " //NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM tsk_objects LEFT JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                        + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE tsk_objects.par_obj_id = " + c.getId()
                                        + " ORDER BY tsk_objects.obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                        Collection<ObjectInfo> infos = new ArrayList<ObjectInfo>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                infos.add(new ObjectInfo(rs.getLong("obj_id"), ObjectType.valueOf(rs.getShort("type")))); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return infos;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Children Info for Content", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        ObjectInfo getParentInfo(Content c) throws TskCoreException {
                return getParentInfo(c.getId());
        }

        ObjectInfo getParentInfo(long contentId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT parent.obj_id AS obj_id, parent.type AS type " //NON-NLS
                                        + "FROM tsk_objects AS parent INNER JOIN tsk_objects AS child " //NON-NLS
                                        + "ON child.par_obj_id = parent.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE child.obj_id = " + contentId); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                return new ObjectInfo(rs.getLong("obj_id"), ObjectType.valueOf(rs.getShort("type")));
                        } else {
                                return null;
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Parent Info for Content: " + contentId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        Directory getParentDirectory(FsContent fsc) throws TskCoreException {
                if (fsc.isRoot()) {
                        // Given FsContent is a root object and can't have parent directory
                        return null;
                } else {
                        ObjectInfo parentInfo = getParentInfo(fsc);
                        if (parentInfo == null) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        Directory parent = null;
                        if (parentInfo.type == ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE) {
                                parent = getDirectoryById(parentInfo.id, fsc.getFileSystem());
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Parent of FsContent (id: " + fsc.getId() + ") has wrong type to be directory: " + parentInfo.type);
                        }
                        return parent;
                }
        }

        public Content getContentById(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                // First check to see if this exists in our frequently used content cache.
                Content content = frequentlyUsedContentMap.get(id);
                if (null != content) {
                        return content;
                }

                long parentId;
                TskData.ObjectType type;
                
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_objects WHERE obj_id = " + id + " LIMIT  1"); //NON-NLS
                        if (!rs.next()) {
                                return null;
                        }
                        parentId = rs.getLong("par_obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                        type = TskData.ObjectType.valueOf(rs.getShort("type")); //NON-NLS
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Content by ID.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

                // Construct the object
                switch (type) {
                        case IMG:
                                content = getImageById(id);
                                frequentlyUsedContentMap.put(id, content);
                                break;
                        case VS:
                                content = getVolumeSystemById(id, parentId);
                                break;
                        case VOL:
                                content = getVolumeById(id, parentId);
                                frequentlyUsedContentMap.put(id, content);
                                break;
                        case POOL:
                                content = getPoolById(id, parentId);
                                break;
                        case FS:
                                content = getFileSystemById(id, parentId);
                                frequentlyUsedContentMap.put(id, content);
                                break;
                        case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                content = getAbstractFileById(id);

                                // Add virtual and root directories to frequently used map.
                                // Calling isRoot() on local directories goes up the entire directory structure
                                // and they can only be the root of portable cases, so skip trying to add
                                // them to the cache.
                                if (((AbstractFile) content).isVirtual()
                                                || ((!(content instanceof LocalDirectory)) && ((AbstractFile) content).isRoot())) {
                                        frequentlyUsedContentMap.put(id, content);
                                }
                                break;
                        case ARTIFACT:
                                content = getArtifactById(id);
                                break;
                        case REPORT:
                                content = getReportById(id);
                                break;
                        case OS_ACCOUNT:
                                content = this.osAccountManager.getOsAccountByObjectId(id);
                                break;
                        case HOST_ADDRESS:
                                content = hostAddressManager.getHostAddress(id);
                                break;
                        default:
                                content = new UnsupportedContent(this, id);
                }

                return content;
        }

        String getFilePath(long id) {

                String filePath = null;
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_LOCAL_PATH_FOR_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                filePath = rs.getString("path");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException | TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting file path for file " + id, ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return filePath;
        }

        TskData.EncodingType getEncodingType(long id) {

                TskData.EncodingType type = TskData.EncodingType.NONE;
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ENCODING_FOR_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                type = TskData.EncodingType.valueOf(rs.getInt(1));
                        }
                } catch (SQLException | TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting encoding type for file " + id, ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return type;
        }

        String getFileParentPath(long objectId, CaseDbConnection connection) {
                String parentPath = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_PATH_FOR_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting file parent_path for file " + objectId, ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return parentPath;
        }

        String getFileName(long objectId, CaseDbConnection connection) {
                String fileName = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                fileName = rs.getString("name");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting file parent_path for file " + objectId, ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return fileName;
        }

        DerivedFile.DerivedMethod getDerivedMethod(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                
                DerivedFile.DerivedMethod method = null;
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs1 = null;
                ResultSet rs2 = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_DERIVED_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs1 = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs1.next()) {
                                int method_id = rs1.getInt("derived_id");
                                String rederive = rs1.getString("rederive");
                                method = new DerivedFile.DerivedMethod(method_id, rederive);
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_DERIVATION_METHOD);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setInt(1, method_id);
                                rs2 = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                                if (rs2.next()) {
                                        method.setToolName(rs2.getString("tool_name"));
                                        method.setToolVersion(rs2.getString("tool_version"));
                                        method.setOther(rs2.getString("other"));
                                }
                        }
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting derived method for file: " + id, e); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs2);
                        closeResultSet(rs1);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return method;
        }

        public AbstractFile getAbstractFileById(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                try {
                        return getAbstractFileById(id, connection);
                } finally {
                        closeConnection(connection);
                }
        }

        AbstractFile getAbstractFileById(long objectId, CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_BY_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        List<AbstractFile> files = resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                        if (files.size() > 0) {
                                return files.get(0);
                        } else {
                                return null;
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting file by id, id = " + objectId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardArtifact getArtifactById(long id) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // get the artifact type.
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TYPE_BY_ARTIFACT_OBJ_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);

                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (!rs.next()) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifacttype for artifact with artifact_obj_id = " + id);
                        }

                        // based on the artifact type category, get the analysis result or the data artifact
                        BlackboardArtifact.Type artifactType = getArtifactType(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"));
                        switch (artifactType.getCategory()) {
                                case ANALYSIS_RESULT:
                                        return blackboard.getAnalysisResultById(id);
                                case DATA_ARTIFACT:
                                        return blackboard.getDataArtifactById(id);
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Unknown artifact category for artifact with artifact_obj_id = %d, and artifact type = %s", id, artifactType.getTypeName()));
                        }

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifacts by artifact_obj_id, artifact_obj_id = " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public BlackboardArtifact getArtifactByArtifactId(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_BY_ARTIFACT_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        List<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = resultSetToArtifacts(rs);
                        if (artifacts.size() > 0) {
                                return artifacts.get(0);
                        } else {
                                return null;
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifacts by artifact id, artifact id = " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private long getFileSystemId(long fileId, CaseDbConnection connection) {
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                ResultSet rs = null;
                long ret = -1;
                try {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILE_SYSTEM_BY_OBJECT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, fileId);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                ret = rs.getLong("fs_obj_id");
                                if (ret == 0) {
                                        ret = -1;
                                }
                        }
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error checking file system id of a file, id = " + fileId, e); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return ret;
        }

        public boolean isFileFromSource(Content dataSource, long fileId) throws TskCoreException {
                String query = String.format("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM tsk_files WHERE obj_id = %d AND data_source_obj_id = %d", fileId, dataSource.getId()); //NON-NLS
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, query);
                        resultSet.next();
                        return (resultSet.getLong("count") > 0L);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error executing query %s", query), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }
        
        private static boolean containsLikeWildcard(String str) {
                if (str == null) {
                        return false;
                } else {
                        return str.contains("%") || str.contains("_");
                }
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findFiles(Content dataSource, String fileName) throws TskCoreException {
                String ext = "";
                if (!containsLikeWildcard(fileName)) {
                        ext = SleuthkitCase.extractExtension(fileName); 
                }
                
                List<AbstractFile> files = new ArrayList<>();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        if (ext.isEmpty()) {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_DATA_SOURCE_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(1, fileName.toLowerCase());
                                statement.setLong(2, dataSource.getId());
                        } else {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_DATA_SOURCE_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(1, ext);
                                statement.setString(2, fileName.toLowerCase());
                                statement.setLong(3, dataSource.getId());
                        }

                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        files.addAll(resultSetToAbstractFiles(resultSet, connection));
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("SleuthkitCase.findFiles.exception.msg3.text"), e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return files;
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findFiles(Content dataSource, String fileName, String dirSubString) throws TskCoreException {
                String ext = "";
                if (!containsLikeWildcard(fileName)) {
                        ext = SleuthkitCase.extractExtension(fileName); 
                }
                
                List<AbstractFile> files = new ArrayList<>();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        if (ext.isEmpty()) {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_DATA_SOURCE_AND_PARENT_PATH_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(1, fileName.toLowerCase());
                                statement.setString(2, "%" + dirSubString.toLowerCase() + "%"); //NON-NLS
                                statement.setLong(3, dataSource.getId());
                        } else {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_DATA_SOURCE_AND_PARENT_PATH_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(1, ext);
                                statement.setString(2, fileName.toLowerCase());
                                statement.setString(3, "%" + dirSubString.toLowerCase() + "%"); //NON-NLS
                                statement.setLong(4, dataSource.getId());
                        }
                        
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        files.addAll(resultSetToAbstractFiles(resultSet, connection));
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(bundle.getString("SleuthkitCase.findFiles3.exception.msg3.text"), e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return files;
        }

        public VirtualDirectory addVirtualDirectory(long parentId, String directoryName) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbTransaction localTrans = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        VirtualDirectory newVD = addVirtualDirectory(parentId, directoryName, localTrans);
                        localTrans.commit();
                        localTrans = null;
                        return newVD;
                } finally {
                        if (null != localTrans) {
                                try {
                                        localTrans.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        long addObject(long parentId, int objectType, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException {
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_OBJECT, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        if (parentId != 0) {
                                statement.setLong(1, parentId);
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(1, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        }
                        statement.setInt(2, objectType);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys();

                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                if (parentId != 0) {
                                        setHasChildren(parentId);
                                }
                                return resultSet.getLong(1); //last_insert_rowid()
                        } else {
                                throw new SQLException("Error inserting object with parent " + parentId + " into tsk_objects");
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public VirtualDirectory addVirtualDirectory(long parentId, String directoryName, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                if (transaction == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Passed null CaseDbTransaction");
                }

                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {
                        // Get the parent path.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();

                        String parentPath;
                        Content parent = this.getAbstractFileById(parentId, connection);
                        if (parent instanceof AbstractFile) {
                                if (isRootDirectory((AbstractFile) parent, transaction)) {
                                        parentPath = "/";
                                } else {
                                        parentPath = ((AbstractFile) parent).getParentPath() + parent.getName() + "/"; //NON-NLS
                                }
                        } else {
                                // The parent was either null or not an abstract file
                                parentPath = "/";
                        }

                        // Insert a row for the virtual directory into the tsk_objects table.
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentId, TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Insert a row for the virtual directory into the tsk_files table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type,
                        // dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type, parent_path, data_source_obj_id,extension,owner_uid, os_account_obj_id)
                        // VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?,?,?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, newObjId);

                        // If the parent is part of a file system, grab its file system ID
                        if (0 != parentId) {
                                long parentFs = this.getFileSystemId(parentId, connection);
                                if (parentFs != -1) {
                                        statement.setLong(2, parentFs);
                                } else {
                                        statement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                                }
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        }

                        // name
                        statement.setString(3, directoryName);

                        //type
                        statement.setShort(4, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.VIRTUAL_DIR.getFileType());
                        statement.setShort(5, (short) 1);

                        //flags
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(6, dirType.getValue());
                        final TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(7, metaType.getValue());

                        //allocated
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        statement.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue());
                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        statement.setShort(9, metaFlags);

                        //size
                        statement.setLong(10, 0);

                        //  nulls for params 11-14
                        statement.setNull(11, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(12, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(13, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(14, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);

                        statement.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                        statement.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                        statement.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                        statement.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type     

                        // parent path
                        statement.setString(19, parentPath);

                        // data source object id (same as object id if this is a data source)
                        long dataSourceObjectId;
                        if (0 == parentId) {
                                dataSourceObjectId = newObjId;
                        } else {
                                dataSourceObjectId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, parentId);
                        }
                        statement.setLong(20, dataSourceObjectId);

                        //extension, since this is not really file we just set it to null
                        statement.setString(21, null);

                        statement.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                        statement.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);

                        return new VirtualDirectory(this, newObjId, dataSourceObjectId, directoryName, dirType,
                                        metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags, null, null, FileKnown.UNKNOWN,
                                        parentPath);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error creating virtual directory '" + directoryName + "'", e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                }
        }

        public LocalDirectory addLocalDirectory(long parentId, String directoryName) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbTransaction localTrans = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        LocalDirectory newLD = addLocalDirectory(parentId, directoryName, localTrans);
                        localTrans.commit();
                        return newLD;
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        try {
                                localTrans.rollback();
                        } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, String.format("Failed to rollback transaction after exception: %s", ex.getMessage()), ex2);
                        }
                        throw ex;
                }
        }

        public LocalDirectory addLocalDirectory(long parentId, String directoryName, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                if (transaction == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Passed null CaseDbTransaction");
                }

                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {
                        // Get the parent path.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        AbstractFile parent = getAbstractFileById(parentId, connection);
                        String parentPath;
                        if ((parent == null) || isRootDirectory(parent, transaction)) {
                                parentPath = "/";
                        } else {
                                parentPath = parent.getParentPath() + parent.getName() + "/"; //NON-NLS
                        }

                        // Insert a row for the local directory into the tsk_objects table.
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentId, TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Insert a row for the local directory into the tsk_files table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type,
                        // dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, sha256, known, mime_type, parent_path, data_source_obj_id, extension, owner_uid, os_account_obj_id)
                        // VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, newObjId);

                        // The parent of a local directory will never be a file system
                        statement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);

                        // name
                        statement.setString(3, directoryName);

                        //type
                        statement.setShort(4, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LOCAL_DIR.getFileType());
                        statement.setShort(5, (short) 1);

                        //flags
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(6, dirType.getValue());
                        final TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(7, metaType.getValue());

                        //allocated
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        statement.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue());
                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        statement.setShort(9, metaFlags);

                        //size
                        statement.setLong(10, 0);

                        //  nulls for params 11-14
                        statement.setNull(11, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(12, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(13, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        statement.setNull(14, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);

                        statement.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                        statement.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                        statement.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                        statement.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type                     

                        // parent path
                        statement.setString(19, parentPath);

                        // data source object id
                        long dataSourceObjectId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, parentId);
                        statement.setLong(20, dataSourceObjectId);

                        //extension, since this is a directory we just set it to null
                        statement.setString(21, null);

                        statement.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                        statement.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);

                        return new LocalDirectory(this, newObjId, dataSourceObjectId, directoryName, dirType,
                                        metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags, null, null, FileKnown.UNKNOWN,
                                        parentPath);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error creating local directory '" + directoryName + "'", e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                }
        }

        public LocalFilesDataSource addLocalFilesDataSource(String deviceId, String rootDirectoryName, String timeZone, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                return addLocalFilesDataSource(deviceId, rootDirectoryName, timeZone, null, transaction);
        }

        public LocalFilesDataSource addLocalFilesDataSource(String deviceId, String rootDirectoryName, String timeZone, Host host, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {

                Statement statement = null;
                try {
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();

                        // Insert a row for the root virtual directory of the data source
                        // into the tsk_objects table.
                        long newObjId = addObject(0, TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // If no host was supplied, make one
                        if (host == null) {
                                host = getHostManager().newHost("LogicalFileSet_" + newObjId + " Host", transaction);
                        }

                        // Insert a row for the virtual directory of the data source into
                        // the data_source_info table.
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO data_source_info (obj_id, device_id, time_zone, host_id) "
                                        + "VALUES(" + newObjId + ", '" + deviceId + "', '" + timeZone + "', " + host.getHostId() + ");");

                        // Insert a row for the root virtual directory of the data source
                        // into the tsk_files table. Note that its data source object id is
                        // its own object id.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path,
                        // dir_type, meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime,
                        // atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type, parent_path, data_source_obj_id, extension, owner_uid, os_account_obj_id)
                        // VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?, ?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        preparedStatement.setString(3, rootDirectoryName);
                        preparedStatement.setShort(4, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.VIRTUAL_DIR.getFileType());
                        preparedStatement.setShort(5, (short) 1);
                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        preparedStatement.setShort(6, TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR.getValue());
                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        preparedStatement.setShort(7, metaType.getValue());
                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        preparedStatement.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue());
                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        preparedStatement.setShort(9, metaFlags);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(10, 0);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(11, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(12, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(13, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(14, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        preparedStatement.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                        preparedStatement.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                        preparedStatement.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                        preparedStatement.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type     
                        String parentPath = "/"; //NON-NLS
                        preparedStatement.setString(19, parentPath);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(20, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setString(21, null); //extension, just set it to null
                        preparedStatement.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                        preparedStatement.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        return new LocalFilesDataSource(this, newObjId, newObjId, deviceId, rootDirectoryName, dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags, timeZone, null, null, FileKnown.UNKNOWN, parentPath);

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error creating local files data source with device id %s and directory name %s", deviceId, rootDirectoryName), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                }
        }

        public Image addImage(TskData.TSK_IMG_TYPE_ENUM type, long sectorSize, long size, String displayName, List<String> imagePaths,
                        String timezone, String md5, String sha1, String sha256,
                        String deviceId,
                        CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                return addImage(type, sectorSize, size, displayName, imagePaths, timezone, md5, sha1, sha256, deviceId, null, transaction);
        }

        public Image addImage(TskData.TSK_IMG_TYPE_ENUM type, long sectorSize, long size, String displayName, List<String> imagePaths,
                        String timezone, String md5, String sha1, String sha256,
                        String deviceId, Host host,
                        CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                Statement statement = null;
                try {
                        // Insert a row for the Image into the tsk_objects table.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        long newObjId = addObject(0, TskData.ObjectType.IMG.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Add a row to tsk_image_info
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_image_info (obj_id, type, ssize, tzone, size, md5, sha1, sha256, display_name)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_IMAGE_INFO);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setShort(2, (short) type.getValue());
                        preparedStatement.setLong(3, sectorSize);
                        preparedStatement.setString(4, timezone);
                        //prevent negative size
                        long savedSize = size < 0 ? 0 : size;
                        preparedStatement.setLong(5, savedSize);
                        preparedStatement.setString(6, md5);
                        preparedStatement.setString(7, sha1);
                        preparedStatement.setString(8, sha256);
                        preparedStatement.setString(9, displayName);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // If there are paths, add them to tsk_image_names
                        for (int i = 0; i < imagePaths.size(); i++) {
                                preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_IMAGE_NAME);
                                preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                                preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                                preparedStatement.setString(2, imagePaths.get(i));
                                preparedStatement.setLong(3, i);
                                connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);
                        }

                        // Create the display name
                        String name = displayName;
                        if (name == null || name.isEmpty()) {
                                if (imagePaths.size() > 0) {
                                        String path = imagePaths.get(0);
                                        name = (new java.io.File(path)).getName();
                                } else {
                                        name = "";
                                }
                        }

                        // Create a host if needed
                        if (host == null) {
                                if (name.isEmpty()) {
                                        host = getHostManager().newHost("Image_" + newObjId + " Host", transaction);
                                } else {
                                        host = getHostManager().newHost(name + "_" + newObjId + " Host", transaction);
                                }
                        }

                        // Add a row to data_source_info
                        preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_DATA_SOURCE_INFO);
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setString(2, deviceId);
                        preparedStatement.setString(3, timezone);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(4, new Date().getTime());
                        preparedStatement.setLong(5, host.getHostId());
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // Create the new Image object
                        return new Image(this, newObjId, type.getValue(), deviceId, sectorSize, name,
                                        imagePaths.toArray(new String[imagePaths.size()]), timezone, md5, sha1, sha256, savedSize);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        if (!imagePaths.isEmpty()) {
                                throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error adding image with path %s to database", imagePaths.get(0)), ex);
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error adding image with display name %s to database", displayName), ex);
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(statement);
                }
        }

        public VolumeSystem addVolumeSystem(long parentObjId, TskData.TSK_VS_TYPE_ENUM type, long imgOffset,
                        long blockSize, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        // Insert a row for the VolumeSystem into the tsk_objects table.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentObjId, TskData.ObjectType.VS.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Add a row to tsk_vs_info
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_vs_info (obj_id, vs_type, img_offset, block_size)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_VS_INFO);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setShort(2, (short) type.getVsType());
                        preparedStatement.setLong(3, imgOffset);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(4, blockSize);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // Create the new VolumeSystem object
                        return new VolumeSystem(this, newObjId, "", type.getVsType(), imgOffset, blockSize);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error creating volume system with parent ID %d and image offset %d",
                                        parentObjId, imgOffset), ex);
                }
        }

        public Volume addVolume(long parentObjId, long addr, long start, long length, String desc,
                        long flags, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        // Insert a row for the Volume into the tsk_objects table.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentObjId, TskData.ObjectType.VOL.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Add a row to tsk_vs_parts
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_vs_parts (obj_id, addr, start, length, desc, flags)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
                        if (this.dbType == DbType.POSTGRESQL) {
                                preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_VS_PART_POSTGRESQL);
                        } else {
                                preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_VS_PART_SQLITE);
                        }
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(2, addr);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(3, start);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(4, length);
                        preparedStatement.setString(5, desc);
                        preparedStatement.setShort(6, (short) flags);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // Create the new Volume object
                        return new Volume(this, newObjId, addr, start, length, flags, desc);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error creating volume with address %d and parent ID %d", addr, parentObjId), ex);
                }
        }

        public Pool addPool(long parentObjId, TskData.TSK_POOL_TYPE_ENUM type, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        // Insert a row for the Pool into the tsk_objects table.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentObjId, TskData.ObjectType.POOL.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Add a row to tsk_pool_info
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_pool_info (obj_id, pool_type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_POOL_INFO);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setShort(2, type.getValue());
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // Create the new Pool object
                        return new Pool(this, newObjId, type.getName(), type.getValue());
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error creating pool with type %d and parent ID %d", type.getValue(), parentObjId), ex);
                }
        }

        public FileSystem addFileSystem(long parentObjId, long imgOffset, TskData.TSK_FS_TYPE_ENUM type, long blockSize, long blockCount,
                        long rootInum, long firstInum, long lastInum, String displayName,
                        CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        // Insert a row for the FileSystem into the tsk_objects table.
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentObjId, TskData.ObjectType.FS.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Get the data source object ID
                        long dataSourceId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, newObjId);

                        // Add a row to tsk_fs_info
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_fs_info (obj_id, data_source_obj_id, img_offset, fs_type, block_size, block_count, root_inum, first_inum, last_inum, display_name)
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FS_INFO);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, newObjId);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(2, dataSourceId);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(3, imgOffset);
                        preparedStatement.setInt(4, type.getValue());
                        preparedStatement.setLong(5, blockSize);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(6, blockCount);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(7, rootInum);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(8, firstInum);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(9, lastInum);
                        preparedStatement.setString(10, displayName);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);

                        // Create the new FileSystem object
                        return new FileSystem(this, newObjId, displayName, imgOffset, type, blockSize, blockCount, rootInum,
                                        firstInum, lastInum);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error creating file system with image offset %d and parent ID %d",
                                        imgOffset, parentObjId), ex);
                }
        }

        public FsContent addFileSystemFile(long dataSourceObjId, long fsObjId,
                        String fileName,
                        long metaAddr, int metaSeq,
                        TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM attrType, int attrId,
                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag, short metaFlags, long size,
                        long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbTransaction transaction = beginTransaction();
                try {

                        FsContent fileSystemFile = addFileSystemFile(dataSourceObjId, fsObjId, fileName,
                                        metaAddr, metaSeq, attrType, attrId, dirFlag, metaFlags, size,
                                        ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, null, null, null, isFile, parent,
                                        OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID, null,
                                        Collections.emptyList(), transaction);

                        transaction.commit();
                        transaction = null;
                        return fileSystemFile;
                } finally {
                        if (null != transaction) {
                                try {
                                        transaction.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        public FsContent addFileSystemFile(long dataSourceObjId, long fsObjId,
                        String fileName,
                        long metaAddr, int metaSeq,
                        TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM attrType, int attrId,
                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag, short metaFlags, long size,
                        long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        String md5Hash, String sha256Hash, String mimeType,
                        boolean isFile, Content parent, String ownerUid,
                        OsAccount osAccount, List<Attribute> fileAttributes,
                        CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {

                TimelineManager timelineManager = getTimelineManager();

                Statement queryStatement = null;
                String parentPath = "/";
                try {
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();

                        // Insert a row for the local/logical file into the tsk_objects table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        long objectId = addObject(parent.getId(), TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        if (parent instanceof AbstractFile) {
                                AbstractFile parentFile = (AbstractFile) parent;
                                if (isRootDirectory(parentFile, transaction)) {
                                        parentPath = "/";
                                } else {
                                        parentPath = parentFile.getParentPath() + parent.getName() + "/"; //NON-NLS
                                }
                        } else {
                                parentPath = "/";
                        }

                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE_SYSTEM_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);                                                                                 // obj_is
                        statement.setLong(2, fsObjId);                                                                                  // fs_obj_id 
                        statement.setLong(3, dataSourceObjId);                                                                  // data_source_obj_id 
                        statement.setShort(4, (short) attrType.getValue());                                             // attr_type
                        statement.setInt(5, attrId);                                                                                    // attr_id
                        statement.setString(6, fileName);                                                                               // name
                        statement.setLong(7, metaAddr);                                                                                 // meta_addr
                        statement.setInt(8, metaSeq);                                                                                   // meta_addr
                        statement.setShort(9, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.FS.getFileType()); //type
                        statement.setShort(10, (short) 1);                                                                              // has_path
                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = isFile ? TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG : TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(11, dirType.getValue());                                                             // dir_type
                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = isFile ? TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG : TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(12, metaType.getValue());                                                    // meta_type
                        statement.setShort(13, dirFlag.getValue());                                                             // dir_flags
                        statement.setShort(14, metaFlags);                                                                              // meta_flags
                        statement.setLong(15, size < 0 ? 0 : size);
                        statement.setLong(16, ctime);
                        statement.setLong(17, crtime);
                        statement.setLong(18, atime);
                        statement.setLong(19, mtime);
                        statement.setString(20, md5Hash);
                        statement.setString(21, sha256Hash);
                        statement.setString(22, mimeType);
                        statement.setString(23, parentPath);
                        final String extension = extractExtension(fileName);
                        statement.setString(24, extension);
                        statement.setString(25, ownerUid);
                        if (null != osAccount) {
                                statement.setLong(26, osAccount.getId());
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(26, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId
                        }

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);

                        Long osAccountId = (osAccount != null) ? osAccount.getId() : null;
                        DerivedFile derivedFile = new DerivedFile(this, objectId, dataSourceObjId, fileName, dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags,
                                        size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5Hash, sha256Hash, null, parentPath, null, parent.getId(), mimeType, null, extension, ownerUid, osAccountId);

                        timelineManager.addEventsForNewFile(derivedFile, connection);

                        for (Attribute fileAttribute : fileAttributes) {
                                fileAttribute.setAttributeParentId(objectId);
                                fileAttribute.setCaseDatabase(this);
                                addFileAttribute(fileAttribute, connection);
                        }

                        if (osAccount != null) {
                                osAccountManager.newOsAccountInstance(osAccount.getId(), dataSourceObjId, OsAccountInstance.OsAccountInstanceType.LAUNCHED, connection);
                        }

                        return new org.sleuthkit.datamodel.File(this, objectId, dataSourceObjId, fsObjId,
                                        attrType, attrId, fileName, metaAddr, metaSeq,
                                        dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags,
                                        size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                        (short) 0, 0, 0, md5Hash, sha256Hash, null, parentPath, mimeType,
                                        extension, ownerUid, osAccountId, fileAttributes);

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Failed to INSERT file system file %s (%s) with parent id %d in tsk_files table", fileName, parentPath, parent.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(queryStatement);
                }
        }

        public List<VirtualDirectory> getVirtualDirectoryRoots() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE" //NON-NLS
                                        + " type = " + TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.VIRTUAL_DIR.getFileType()
                                        + " AND obj_id = data_source_obj_id"
                                        + " ORDER BY dir_type, LOWER(name)"); //NON-NLS
                        List<VirtualDirectory> virtDirRootIds = new ArrayList<VirtualDirectory>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                virtDirRootIds.add(virtualDirectory(rs, connection));
                        }
                        return virtDirRootIds;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting local files virtual folder id", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public final List<LayoutFile> addLayoutFiles(Content parent, List<TskFileRange> fileRanges) throws TskCoreException {
                assert (null != fileRanges);
                if (null == fileRanges) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TskFileRange object is null");
                }

                assert (null != parent);
                if (null == parent) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Conent is null");
                }

                CaseDbTransaction transaction = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;

                try {
                        transaction = beginTransaction();
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();

                        List<LayoutFile> fileRangeLayoutFiles = new ArrayList<LayoutFile>();
                        for (TskFileRange fileRange : fileRanges) {
                                /*
                                 * Insert a row for the Tsk file range into the tsk_objects
                                 * table: INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?,
                                 * ?)
                                 */
                                long fileRangeId = addObject(parent.getId(), TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);
                                long end_byte_in_parent = fileRange.getByteStart() + fileRange.getByteLen() - 1;
                                /*
                                 * Insert a row for the Tsk file range into the tsk_files table:
                                 * INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type,
                                 * has_path, dir_type, meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size,
                                 * ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type,
                                 * parent_path, data_source_obj_id,extension, owner_uid,
                                 * os_account_obj_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,
                                 * ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?, ?, ?)
                                 */
                                PreparedStatement prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                                prepStmt.clearParameters();
                                prepStmt.setLong(1, fileRangeId); // obj_id     from tsk_objects                        
                                prepStmt.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // fs_obj_id                                
                                prepStmt.setString(3, "Unalloc_" + parent.getId() + "_" + fileRange.getByteStart() + "_" + end_byte_in_parent); // name of form Unalloc_[image obj_id]_[start byte in parent]_[end byte in parent]
                                prepStmt.setShort(4, TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.UNALLOC_BLOCKS.getFileType()); // type
                                prepStmt.setNull(5, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // has_path
                                prepStmt.setShort(6, TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG.getValue()); // dir_type
                                prepStmt.setShort(7, TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG.getValue()); // meta_type
                                prepStmt.setShort(8, TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue()); // dir_flags
                                prepStmt.setShort(9, TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue()); // nmeta_flags
                                prepStmt.setLong(10, fileRange.getByteLen()); // size 
                                prepStmt.setNull(11, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // ctime
                                prepStmt.setNull(12, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // crtime
                                prepStmt.setNull(13, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // atime
                                prepStmt.setNull(14, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // mtime
                                prepStmt.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                                prepStmt.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                                prepStmt.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                                prepStmt.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type
                                prepStmt.setNull(19, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // parent path
                                prepStmt.setLong(20, parent.getId()); // data_source_obj_id

                                //extension, since this is not a FS file we just set it to null
                                prepStmt.setString(21, null);

                                prepStmt.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                                prepStmt.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                                connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);

                                /*
                                 * Insert a row in the tsk_layout_file table for each chunk of
                                 * the carved file. INSERT INTO tsk_file_layout (obj_id,
                                 * byte_start, byte_len, sequence) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
                                 */
                                prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LAYOUT_FILE);
                                prepStmt.clearParameters();
                                prepStmt.setLong(1, fileRangeId); // obj_id
                                prepStmt.setLong(2, fileRange.getByteStart()); // byte_start
                                prepStmt.setLong(3, fileRange.getByteLen()); // byte_len
                                prepStmt.setLong(4, fileRange.getSequence()); // sequence
                                connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);

                                /*
                                 * Create a layout file representation of the carved file.
                                 */
                                fileRangeLayoutFiles.add(new LayoutFile(this,
                                                fileRangeId,
                                                parent.getId(),
                                                Long.toString(fileRange.getSequence()),
                                                TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.UNALLOC_BLOCKS,
                                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG,
                                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG,
                                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC,
                                                TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue(),
                                                fileRange.getByteLen(),
                                                0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
                                                null, null,
                                                FileKnown.UNKNOWN,
                                                parent.getUniquePath(),
                                                null,
                                                OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID,
                                                OsAccount.NO_ACCOUNT));
                        }

                        transaction.commit();
                        transaction = null;
                        return fileRangeLayoutFiles;

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add layout files to case database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);

                        if (null != transaction) {
                                try {
                                        transaction.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        public final List<LayoutFile> addCarvedFiles(CarvingResult carvingResult) throws TskCoreException {
                assert (null != carvingResult);
                if (null == carvingResult) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Carving is null");
                }
                assert (null != carvingResult.getParent());
                if (null == carvingResult.getParent()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Carving result has null parent");
                }
                assert (null != carvingResult.getCarvedFiles());
                if (null == carvingResult.getCarvedFiles()) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Carving result has null carved files");
                }
                CaseDbTransaction transaction = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {

                        /*
                         * Carved files are "re-parented" as children of the $CarvedFiles
                         * virtual directory of the root file system, volume, or image
                         * ancestor of the carved files parent, but if no such ancestor is
                         * found, then the parent specified in the carving result is used.
                         */
                        Content root = carvingResult.getParent();
                        while (null != root) {
                                if (root instanceof FileSystem || root instanceof Volume || root instanceof Image) {
                                        break;
                                }
                                root = root.getParent();
                        }
                        if (null == root) {
                                root = carvingResult.getParent();
                        }

                        /*
                         * Get or create the $CarvedFiles virtual directory for the root
                         * ancestor.
                         */
                        VirtualDirectory carvedFilesDir;
                        synchronized(carvedFileDirsLock) {
                                carvedFilesDir = rootIdsToCarvedFileDirs.get(root.getId());
                                if (null == carvedFilesDir) {
                                        List<Content> rootChildren;
                                        if (root instanceof FileSystem) {
                                                rootChildren = ((FileSystem) root).getRootDirectory().getChildren();
                                        } else {
                                                rootChildren = root.getChildren();
                                        }
                                        for (Content child : rootChildren) {
                                                if (child instanceof VirtualDirectory && child.getName().equals(VirtualDirectory.NAME_CARVED)) {
                                                        carvedFilesDir = (VirtualDirectory) child;
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }
                                        if (null == carvedFilesDir) {
                                                long parId = root.getId();
                                                // $CarvedFiles should be a child of the root directory, not the file system
                                                if (root instanceof FileSystem) {
                                                        Content rootDir = ((FileSystem) root).getRootDirectory();
                                                        parId = rootDir.getId();
                                                }
                                                carvedFilesDir = addVirtualDirectory(parId, VirtualDirectory.NAME_CARVED);
                                        }
                                        rootIdsToCarvedFileDirs.put(root.getId(), carvedFilesDir);
                                }
                        }

                        /*
                         * Add the carved files to the database as children of the
                         * $CarvedFile directory of the root ancestor.
                         */
                        transaction = beginTransaction();
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                        String parentPath = getFileParentPath(carvedFilesDir.getId(), connection) + carvedFilesDir.getName() + "/";
                        List<LayoutFile> carvedFiles = new ArrayList<>();
                        for (CarvingResult.CarvedFile carvedFile : carvingResult.getCarvedFiles()) {
                                /*
                                 * Insert a row for the carved file into the tsk_objects table:
                                 * INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                                 */
                                long carvedFileId = addObject(carvedFilesDir.getId(), TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                                /*
                                 * Insert a row for the carved file into the tsk_files table:
                                 * INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type,
                                 * has_path, dir_type, meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size,
                                 * ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type,
                                 * parent_path, data_source_obj_id,extenion, owner_uid,
                                 * os_account_obj_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,
                                 * ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                                 */
                                PreparedStatement prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                                prepStmt.clearParameters();
                                prepStmt.setLong(1, carvedFileId); // obj_id
                                if (root instanceof FileSystem) {
                                        prepStmt.setLong(2, root.getId()); // fs_obj_id
                                } else {
                                        prepStmt.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // fs_obj_id
                                }
                                prepStmt.setString(3, carvedFile.getName()); // name
                                prepStmt.setShort(4, TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.CARVED.getFileType()); // type
                                prepStmt.setShort(5, (short) 1); // has_path
                                prepStmt.setShort(6, TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG.getValue()); // dir_type
                                prepStmt.setShort(7, TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG.getValue()); // meta_type
                                prepStmt.setShort(8, TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue()); // dir_flags
                                prepStmt.setShort(9, TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue()); // nmeta_flags
                                prepStmt.setLong(10, carvedFile.getSizeInBytes()); // size
                                prepStmt.setNull(11, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // ctime
                                prepStmt.setNull(12, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // crtime
                                prepStmt.setNull(13, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // atime
                                prepStmt.setNull(14, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // mtime
                                prepStmt.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                                prepStmt.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                                prepStmt.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                                prepStmt.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type      
                                prepStmt.setString(19, parentPath); // parent path
                                prepStmt.setLong(20, carvedFilesDir.getDataSourceObjectId()); // data_source_obj_id
                                prepStmt.setString(21, extractExtension(carvedFile.getName())); //extension

                                prepStmt.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                                prepStmt.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                                connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);

                                /*
                                 * Insert a row in the tsk_layout_file table for each chunk of
                                 * the carved file. INSERT INTO tsk_file_layout (obj_id,
                                 * byte_start, byte_len, sequence) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
                                 */
                                prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LAYOUT_FILE);
                                for (TskFileRange tskFileRange : carvedFile.getLayoutInParent()) {
                                        prepStmt.clearParameters();
                                        prepStmt.setLong(1, carvedFileId); // obj_id
                                        prepStmt.setLong(2, tskFileRange.getByteStart()); // byte_start
                                        prepStmt.setLong(3, tskFileRange.getByteLen()); // byte_len
                                        prepStmt.setLong(4, tskFileRange.getSequence()); // sequence
                                        connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);
                                }

                                /*
                                 * Create a layout file representation of the carved file.
                                 */
                                carvedFiles.add(new LayoutFile(this,
                                                carvedFileId,
                                                carvedFilesDir.getDataSourceObjectId(),
                                                carvedFile.getName(),
                                                TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.CARVED,
                                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG,
                                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG,
                                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC,
                                                TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue(),
                                                carvedFile.getSizeInBytes(),
                                                0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
                                                null, null,
                                                FileKnown.UNKNOWN,
                                                parentPath,
                                                null,
                                                OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID,
                                                OsAccount.NO_ACCOUNT));
                        }

                        transaction.commit();
                        transaction = null;
                        return carvedFiles;

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add carved files to case database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);

                        if (null != transaction) {
                                try {
                                        transaction.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        public DerivedFile addDerivedFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, Content parentObj,
                        String rederiveDetails, String toolName, String toolVersion,
                        String otherDetails, TskData.EncodingType encodingType) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbTransaction transaction = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        DerivedFile df = addDerivedFile(fileName, localPath,
                                        size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                        isFile, parentObj,
                                        rederiveDetails, toolName, toolVersion,
                                        otherDetails, encodingType, transaction);
                        transaction.commit();
                        return df;
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        transaction.rollback();
                        throw ex;
                }
        }
        
        public DerivedFile addDerivedFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, Content parentObj,
                        String rederiveDetails, String toolName, String toolVersion,
                        String otherDetails, TskData.EncodingType encodingType, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                // Strip off any leading slashes from the local path (leading slashes indicate absolute paths)
                localPath = localPath.replaceAll("^[/\\\\]+", "");

                TimelineManager timelineManager = getTimelineManager();

                CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                try {
                        final long parentId = parentObj.getId();
                        String parentPath = "";
                        if (parentObj instanceof BlackboardArtifact) {
                                parentPath = parentObj.getUniquePath() + '/' + parentObj.getName() + '/';
                        } else if (parentObj instanceof AbstractFile) {
                                parentPath = ((AbstractFile) parentObj).getParentPath() + parentObj.getName() + '/'; //NON-NLS
                        }

                        // Insert a row for the derived file into the tsk_objects table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        long newObjId = addObject(parentId, TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Insert a row for the virtual directory into the tsk_files table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type,
                        // dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type,
                        // parent_path, data_source_obj_id, extension)
                        // VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, newObjId);

                        // If the parentFile is part of a file system, use its file system object ID.
                        long fsObjId = this.getFileSystemId(parentId, connection);
                        if (fsObjId != -1) {
                                statement.setLong(2, fsObjId);
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        }
                        statement.setString(3, fileName);

                        //type, has_path
                        statement.setShort(4, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.DERIVED.getFileType());
                        statement.setShort(5, (short) 1);

                        //flags
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = isFile ? TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG : TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(6, dirType.getValue());
                        final TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = isFile ? TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG : TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(7, metaType.getValue());

                        //note: using alloc under assumption that derived files derive from alloc files
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        statement.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue());
                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        statement.setShort(9, metaFlags);

                        //size
                        //prevent negative size
                        long savedSize = size < 0 ? 0 : size;
                        statement.setLong(10, savedSize);

                        //mactimes
                        //long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        statement.setLong(11, ctime);
                        statement.setLong(12, crtime);
                        statement.setLong(13, atime);
                        statement.setLong(14, mtime);

                        statement.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                        statement.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                        statement.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                        statement.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type     

                        //parent path
                        statement.setString(19, parentPath);

                        // root data source object id
                        long dataSourceObjId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, parentObj);
                        statement.setLong(20, dataSourceObjId);
                        final String extension = extractExtension(fileName);
                        //extension
                        statement.setString(21, extension);

                        statement.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                        statement.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);

                        //add localPath
                        addFilePath(connection, newObjId, localPath, encodingType);

                        DerivedFile derivedFile = new DerivedFile(this, newObjId, dataSourceObjId, fileName, dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags,
                                        savedSize, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, null, null, null, parentPath, localPath, parentId, null, encodingType, extension, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID, OsAccount.NO_ACCOUNT);

                        timelineManager.addEventsForNewFile(derivedFile, connection);

                        //TODO add derived method to tsk_files_derived and tsk_files_derived_method
                        return derivedFile;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add derived file to case database", ex);
                }
        }

        public DerivedFile updateDerivedFile(DerivedFile derivedFile, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, String mimeType,
                        String rederiveDetails, String toolName, String toolVersion,
                        String otherDetails, TskData.EncodingType encodingType) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbTransaction trans = null;
                try {
                        Content parentObj = derivedFile.getParent();
                        
                        trans = beginTransaction();
                        DerivedFile updatedFile = updateDerivedFile(derivedFile, localPath,
                                        size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                        isFile, mimeType,
                                        rederiveDetails, toolName, toolVersion,
                                        otherDetails, encodingType, parentObj, trans);
                        trans.commit();
                        return updatedFile;
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        if (trans != null) {
                                trans.rollback();
                        }
                        throw ex;
                }
        }               
                
        public DerivedFile updateDerivedFile(DerivedFile derivedFile, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, String mimeType,
                        String rederiveDetails, String toolName, String toolVersion,
                        String otherDetails, TskData.EncodingType encodingType, 
                        Content parentObj, CaseDbTransaction trans) throws TskCoreException {           
                
                // Strip off any leading slashes from the local path (leading slashes indicate absolute paths)
                localPath = localPath.replaceAll("^[/\\\\]+", "");
                
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        final long parentId = parentObj.getId();
                        String parentPath = "";
                        if (parentObj instanceof BlackboardArtifact) {
                                parentPath = parentObj.getUniquePath() + '/' + parentObj.getName() + '/';
                        } else if (parentObj instanceof AbstractFile) {
                                parentPath = ((AbstractFile) parentObj).getParentPath() + parentObj.getName() + '/'; //NON-NLS
                        }
                        // UPDATE tsk_files SET type = ?, dir_type = ?, meta_type = ?, dir_flags = ?,  meta_flags = ?, "
                        // + "size= ?, ctime= ?, crtime= ?, atime= ?, mtime= ?, mime_type = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                        PreparedStatement statement = trans.getConnection().getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_DERIVED_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();

                        //type
                        statement.setShort(1, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.DERIVED.getFileType());

                        //flags
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = isFile ? TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG : TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(2, dirType.getValue());
                        final TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = isFile ? TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG : TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(3, metaType.getValue());

                        //note: using alloc under assumption that derived files derive from alloc files
                        final TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        statement.setShort(4, dirFlag.getValue());
                        final short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue()
                                        | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        statement.setShort(5, metaFlags);

                        //size
                        //prevent negative size
                        long savedSize = size < 0 ? 0 : size;
                        statement.setLong(6, savedSize);

                        //mactimes
                        //long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        statement.setLong(7, ctime);
                        statement.setLong(8, crtime);
                        statement.setLong(9, atime);
                        statement.setLong(10, mtime);
                        statement.setString(11, mimeType);
                        statement.setString(12, String.valueOf(derivedFile.getId()));
                        trans.getConnection().executeUpdate(statement);

                        //add localPath
                        updateFilePath(trans.getConnection(), derivedFile.getId(), localPath, encodingType);

                        long dataSourceObjId = getDataSourceObjectId(trans.getConnection(), parentObj);
                        final String extension = extractExtension(derivedFile.getName());
                        return new DerivedFile(this, derivedFile.getId(), dataSourceObjId, derivedFile.getName(), dirType, metaType, dirFlag, metaFlags,
                                        savedSize, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, null, null, null, parentPath, localPath, parentId, null, encodingType, extension, derivedFile.getOwnerUid().orElse(null), derivedFile.getOsAccountObjectId().orElse(null));
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add derived file to case database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                }
        }

        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, TskData.EncodingType encodingType,
                        AbstractFile parent) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbTransaction localTrans = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        LocalFile created = addLocalFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, isFile, encodingType, parent, localTrans);
                        localTrans.commit();
                        localTrans = null;
                        return created;
                } finally {
                        if (null != localTrans) {
                                try {
                                        localTrans.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, TskData.EncodingType encodingType,
                        Content parent, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {

                return addLocalFile(fileName, localPath,
                                size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                null, null, null,
                                isFile, encodingType,
                                parent, transaction);
        }
        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        String md5, String sha256, FileKnown known, String mimeType,
                        boolean isFile, TskData.EncodingType encodingType,
                        Content parent, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                
                return addLocalFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                md5, sha256, known, mimeType, isFile, encodingType,
                                OsAccount.NO_ACCOUNT, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID, parent, transaction);
                
        }
        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        String md5, String sha256, FileKnown known, String mimeType,
                        boolean isFile, TskData.EncodingType encodingType, Long osAccountId, String ownerAccount,
                        Content parent, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                Statement queryStatement = null;
                try {

                        // Insert a row for the local/logical file into the tsk_objects table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        long objectId = addObject(parent.getId(), TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // Insert a row for the local/logical file into the tsk_files table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type,
                        // dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, known, mime_type,
                        // parent_path, data_source_obj_id,extension, uid_str, os_account_obj_id)
                        // VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?, ?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);
                        statement.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // Not part of a file system
                        statement.setString(3, fileName);
                        statement.setShort(4, TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LOCAL.getFileType());
                        statement.setShort(5, (short) 1);
                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM dirType = isFile ? TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG : TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.DIR;
                        statement.setShort(6, dirType.getValue());
                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM metaType = isFile ? TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG : TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR;
                        statement.setShort(7, metaType.getValue());
                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC;
                        statement.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue());
                        short metaFlags = (short) (TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC.getValue() | TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.USED.getValue());
                        statement.setShort(9, metaFlags);
                        //prevent negative size
                        long savedSize = size < 0 ? 0 : size;
                        statement.setLong(10, savedSize);
                        statement.setLong(11, ctime);
                        statement.setLong(12, crtime);
                        statement.setLong(13, atime);
                        statement.setLong(14, mtime);
                        statement.setString(15, md5);
                        statement.setString(16, sha256);
                        if (known != null) {
                                statement.setByte(17, known.getFileKnownValue());
                        } else {
                                statement.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue());
                        }
                        statement.setString(18, mimeType);
                        String parentPath;
                        long dataSourceObjId;

                        if (parent instanceof AbstractFile) {
                                AbstractFile parentFile = (AbstractFile) parent;
                                if (isRootDirectory(parentFile, transaction)) {
                                        parentPath = "/";
                                } else {
                                        parentPath = parentFile.getParentPath() + parent.getName() + "/"; //NON-NLS
                                }
                                dataSourceObjId = parentFile.getDataSourceObjectId();
                        } else {
                                parentPath = "/";
                                dataSourceObjId = getDataSourceObjectId(connection, parent);
                        }
                        statement.setString(19, parentPath);
                        statement.setLong(20, dataSourceObjId);
                        final String extension = extractExtension(fileName);
                        statement.setString(21, extension);

                        if (ownerAccount != null) {
                                statement.setString(22, ownerAccount); // ownerUid
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(22, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);
                        }
                        
                        if (osAccountId != null) {
                                statement.setLong(23, osAccountId); // osAccountObjId
                        } else {
                                statement.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        }

                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        addFilePath(connection, objectId, localPath, encodingType);
                        LocalFile localFile = new LocalFile(this,
                                        objectId,
                                        fileName,
                                        TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LOCAL,
                                        dirType,
                                        metaType,
                                        dirFlag,
                                        metaFlags,
                                        savedSize,
                                        ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                        mimeType, md5, sha256, known,
                                        parent.getId(), parentPath,
                                        dataSourceObjId,
                                        localPath,
                                        encodingType, extension,
                                        ownerAccount, osAccountId);
                        getTimelineManager().addEventsForNewFile(localFile, connection);
                        return localFile;

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Failed to INSERT local file %s (%s) with parent id %d in tsk_files table", fileName, localPath, parent.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeStatement(queryStatement);
                }
        }

        private class RootDirectoryKey {

                private long dataSourceId;
                private Long fileSystemId;

                RootDirectoryKey(long dataSourceId, Long fileSystemId) {
                        this.dataSourceId = dataSourceId;
                        this.fileSystemId = fileSystemId;
                }

                @Override
                public int hashCode() {
                        int hash = 7;
                        hash = 41 * hash + Objects.hashCode(dataSourceId);
                        hash = 41 * hash + Objects.hashCode(fileSystemId);
                        return hash;
                }

                @Override
                public boolean equals(Object obj) {
                        if (this == obj) {
                                return true;
                        }
                        if (obj == null) {
                                return false;
                        }
                        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
                                return false;
                        }

                        RootDirectoryKey otherKey = (RootDirectoryKey) obj;
                        if (dataSourceId != otherKey.dataSourceId) {
                                return false;
                        }

                        if (fileSystemId != null) {
                                return fileSystemId.equals(otherKey.fileSystemId);
                        }
                        return (otherKey.fileSystemId == null);
                }
        }

        private boolean isRootDirectory(AbstractFile file, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {

                // First check if we know the root directory for this data source and optionally 
                // file system. There is only one root, so if we know it we can simply compare 
                // this file ID to the known root directory.
                Long fsObjId = null;
                if (file instanceof FsContent) {
                        fsObjId = ((FsContent) file).getFileSystemId();
                }
                RootDirectoryKey key = new RootDirectoryKey(file.getDataSourceObjectId(), fsObjId);
                synchronized (rootDirectoryMapLock) {
                        if (rootDirectoryMap.containsKey(key)) {
                                return rootDirectoryMap.get(key).equals(file.getId());
                        }
                }

                // Fallback cache. We store the result of each database lookup 
                // so it won't be done multiple times in a row. In practice, this will
                // only be used if this method was never called on the root directory. 
                Boolean isRoot = isRootDirectoryCache.getIfPresent(file.getId());
                if (isRoot != null) {
                        return isRoot;
                }

                CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;

                try {
                        String query = String.format("SELECT ParentRow.type AS parent_type, ParentRow.obj_id AS parent_object_id "
                                        + "FROM tsk_objects ParentRow JOIN tsk_objects ChildRow ON ChildRow.par_obj_id = ParentRow.obj_id "
                                        + "WHERE ChildRow.obj_id = %s;", file.getId());

                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                long parentId = resultSet.getLong("parent_object_id");
                                if (parentId == 0) {
                                        return true;
                                }
                                int type = resultSet.getInt("parent_type");
                                boolean result = type == TskData.ObjectType.IMG.getObjectType()
                                                || type == TskData.ObjectType.VS.getObjectType()
                                                || type == TskData.ObjectType.VOL.getObjectType()
                                                || type == TskData.ObjectType.FS.getObjectType();
                                if (result == true) {
                                        synchronized (rootDirectoryMapLock) {
                                                // This is a root directory so save it
                                                rootDirectoryMap.put(key, file.getId());
                                        }
                                }
                                isRootDirectoryCache.put(file.getId(), result);
                                return result;

                        } else {
                                // This is a root directory so save it
                                synchronized (rootDirectoryMapLock) {
                                        rootDirectoryMap.put(key, file.getId());
                                }
                                isRootDirectoryCache.put(file.getId(), true);

                                return true; // The file has no parent
                                
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Failed to lookup parent of file (%s) with id %d", file.getName(), file.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                }
        }

        public LayoutFile addLayoutFile(String fileName,
                        long size,
                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM dirFlag, TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM metaFlag,
                        long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        List<TskFileRange> fileRanges,
                        Content parent) throws TskCoreException {

                if (null == parent) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Parent can not be null");
                }

                String parentPath;
                if (parent instanceof AbstractFile) {
                        parentPath = ((AbstractFile) parent).getParentPath() + parent.getName() + '/'; //NON-NLS
                } else {
                        parentPath = "/";
                }

                CaseDbTransaction transaction = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {
                        transaction = beginTransaction();
                        CaseDbConnection connection = transaction.getConnection();

                        /*
                         * Insert a row for the layout file into the tsk_objects table:
                         * INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                         */
                        long newFileId = addObject(parent.getId(), TskData.ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE.getObjectType(), connection);

                        /*
                         * Insert a row for the file into the tsk_files table: INSERT INTO
                         * tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type,
                         * meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime,
                         * mtime, md5, known, mime_type, parent_path,
                         * data_source_obj_id,extenion, owner_uid, os_account_obj_id) VALUES
                         * (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                         */
                        PreparedStatement prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_FILE);
                        prepStmt.clearParameters();
                        prepStmt.setLong(1, newFileId); // obj_id

                        // If the parent is part of a file system, grab its file system ID
                        if (0 != parent.getId()) {
                                long parentFs = this.getFileSystemId(parent.getId(), connection);
                                if (parentFs != -1) {
                                        prepStmt.setLong(2, parentFs);
                                } else {
                                        prepStmt.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                                }
                        } else {
                                prepStmt.setNull(2, java.sql.Types.BIGINT);
                        }
                        prepStmt.setString(3, fileName); // name
                        prepStmt.setShort(4, TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LAYOUT_FILE.getFileType()); // type
                        prepStmt.setShort(5, (short) 0); // has_path
                        prepStmt.setShort(6, TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG.getValue()); // dir_type
                        prepStmt.setShort(7, TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG.getValue()); // meta_type
                        prepStmt.setShort(8, dirFlag.getValue()); // dir_flags
                        prepStmt.setShort(9, metaFlag.getValue()); // meta_flags
                        //prevent negative size
                        long savedSize = size < 0 ? 0 : size;
                        prepStmt.setLong(10, savedSize);   // size
                        prepStmt.setLong(11, ctime);  // ctime
                        prepStmt.setLong(12, crtime); // crtime
                        prepStmt.setLong(13, atime);  // atime
                        prepStmt.setLong(14, mtime);  // mtime
                        prepStmt.setNull(15, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MD5
                        prepStmt.setNull(16, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // SHA-256
                        prepStmt.setByte(17, FileKnown.UNKNOWN.getFileKnownValue()); // Known
                        prepStmt.setNull(18, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR); // MIME type      
                        prepStmt.setString(19, parentPath); // parent path
                        prepStmt.setLong(20, parent.getDataSource().getId()); // data_source_obj_id

                        prepStmt.setString(21, extractExtension(fileName));                             //extension

                        prepStmt.setString(22, OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID); // ownerUid
                        prepStmt.setNull(23, java.sql.Types.BIGINT); // osAccountObjId

                        connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);

                        /*
                         * Insert a row in the tsk_layout_file table for each chunk of the
                         * carved file. INSERT INTO tsk_file_layout (obj_id, byte_start,
                         * byte_len, sequence) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
                         */
                        prepStmt = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LAYOUT_FILE);
                        for (TskFileRange tskFileRange : fileRanges) {
                                prepStmt.clearParameters();
                                prepStmt.setLong(1, newFileId); // obj_id
                                prepStmt.setLong(2, tskFileRange.getByteStart()); // byte_start
                                prepStmt.setLong(3, tskFileRange.getByteLen()); // byte_len
                                prepStmt.setLong(4, tskFileRange.getSequence()); // sequence
                                connection.executeUpdate(prepStmt);
                        }

                        /*
                         * Create a layout file representation of the carved file.
                         */
                        LayoutFile layoutFile = new LayoutFile(this,
                                        newFileId,
                                        parent.getDataSource().getId(),
                                        fileName,
                                        TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LAYOUT_FILE,
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG,
                                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_REG,
                                        dirFlag,
                                        metaFlag.getValue(),
                                        savedSize,
                                        ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                        null, null,
                                        FileKnown.UNKNOWN,
                                        parentPath,
                                        null,
                                        OsAccount.NO_OWNER_ID,
                                        OsAccount.NO_ACCOUNT);

                        transaction.commit();
                        transaction = null;
                        return layoutFile;

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add layout file " + fileName + " to case database", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);

                        if (null != transaction) {
                                try {
                                        transaction.rollback();
                                } catch (TskCoreException ex2) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to rollback transaction after exception", ex2);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
        
        private long getDataSourceObjectId(CaseDbConnection connection, Content content) throws TskCoreException {
                if (content == null) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Null Content parameter given");
                }
                if (content instanceof AbstractFile) {
                        return ((AbstractFile)content).getDataSourceObjectId();
                } else {
                        return getDataSourceObjectId(connection, content.getId());
                }
        }

        private long getDataSourceObjectId(CaseDbConnection connection, long objectId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        long dataSourceObjId;
                        long ancestorId = objectId;
                        do {
                                dataSourceObjId = ancestorId;
                                String query = String.format("SELECT par_obj_id FROM tsk_objects WHERE obj_id = %s;", ancestorId);
                                resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
                                if (resultSet.next()) {
                                        ancestorId = resultSet.getLong("par_obj_id");
                                } else {
                                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("tsk_objects table is corrupt, SQL query returned no result: %s", query));
                                }
                                resultSet.close();
                                resultSet = null;
                        } while (0 != ancestorId); // Not NULL
                        return dataSourceObjId;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error finding root data source for object (obj_id = %d)", objectId), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private void addFilePath(CaseDbConnection connection, long objId, String path, TskData.EncodingType type) throws SQLException {
                PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_LOCAL_PATH);
                statement.clearParameters();
                statement.setLong(1, objId);
                statement.setString(2, path);
                statement.setInt(3, type.getType());
                connection.executeUpdate(statement);
        }

        private void updateFilePath(CaseDbConnection connection, long objId, String path, TskData.EncodingType type) throws SQLException {
                PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_LOCAL_PATH);
                statement.clearParameters();
                statement.setString(1, path);
                statement.setInt(2, type.getType());
                statement.setLong(3, objId);
                connection.executeUpdate(statement);
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findFilesInFolder(String fileName, AbstractFile parentFile) throws TskCoreException {
                String ext = "";
                if (!containsLikeWildcard(fileName)) {
                        ext = SleuthkitCase.extractExtension(fileName); 
                }
                
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                long parentId = parentFile.getId();
                
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        if (ext.isEmpty()) {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(1, parentId);
                                statement.setString(2, fileName);       
                        } else {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_PARENT_AND_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setString(1, ext);
                                statement.setLong(2, parentId);
                                statement.setString(3, fileName);       
                        }

                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        return resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting AbstractFile children with name=" + fileName + " for Content parent with ID=" + parentFile.getId(), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long countFilesWhere(String sqlWhereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM tsk_files WHERE " + sqlWhereClause); //NON-NLS
                        rs.next();
                        return rs.getLong("count");
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("SQLException thrown when calling 'SleuthkitCase.countFilesWhere().", e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findAllFilesWhere(String sqlWhereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE " + sqlWhereClause); //NON-NLS
                        return resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("SQLException thrown when calling 'SleuthkitCase.findAllFilesWhere(): " + sqlWhereClause, e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findAllFilesInFolderWhere(long parentId, String sqlWhereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                String queryTemplate = "SELECT tsk_files.* FROM tsk_files JOIN tsk_objects ON tsk_objects.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id WHERE par_obj_id = %d AND %s";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection()) {
                        String query = String.format(queryTemplate, parentId, sqlWhereClause);
                        try (Statement s = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = connection.executeQuery(s, query)) {
                                return resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("SQLException thrown when calling 'SleuthkitCase.findAllFilesInFolderWhere(): " + query, ex);
                        }
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<Long> findAllFileIdsWhere(String sqlWhereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT obj_id FROM tsk_files WHERE " + sqlWhereClause); //NON-NLS
                        List<Long> ret = new ArrayList<>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                ret.add(rs.getLong("obj_id"));
                        }
                        return ret;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("SQLException thrown when calling 'SleuthkitCase.findAllFileIdsWhere(): " + sqlWhereClause, e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> openFiles(Content dataSource, String filePath) throws TskCoreException {

                // get the non-unique path (strip of image and volume path segments, if
                // the exist.
                String path = AbstractFile.createNonUniquePath(filePath).toLowerCase();

                // split the file name from the parent path
                int lastSlash = path.lastIndexOf('/'); //NON-NLS

                // if the last slash is at the end, strip it off
                if (lastSlash == path.length()) {
                        path = path.substring(0, lastSlash - 1);
                        lastSlash = path.lastIndexOf('/'); //NON-NLS
                }

                String parentPath = path.substring(0, lastSlash);
                String fileName = path.substring(lastSlash);

                return findFiles(dataSource, fileName, parentPath);
        }

        public List<TskFileRange> getFileRanges(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_file_layout WHERE obj_id = " + id + " ORDER BY sequence");
                        List<TskFileRange> ranges = new ArrayList<TskFileRange>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                TskFileRange range = new TskFileRange(rs.getLong("byte_start"), //NON-NLS
                                                rs.getLong("byte_len"), rs.getLong("sequence")); //NON-NLS
                                ranges.add(range);
                        }
                        return ranges;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting TskFileLayoutRanges by id, id = " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public Image getImageById(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT tsk_image_info.type, tsk_image_info.ssize, tsk_image_info.tzone, tsk_image_info.size, tsk_image_info.md5, tsk_image_info.sha1, tsk_image_info.sha256, tsk_image_info.display_name, data_source_info.device_id, tsk_image_names.name "
                                        + "FROM tsk_image_info "
                                        + "INNER JOIN data_source_info ON tsk_image_info.obj_id = data_source_info.obj_id "
                                        + "LEFT JOIN tsk_image_names ON tsk_image_names.obj_id = data_source_info.obj_id "
                                        + "WHERE tsk_image_info.obj_id = " + id); //NON-NLS

                        List<String> imagePaths = new ArrayList<>();
                        long type, ssize, size;
                        String tzone, md5, sha1, sha256, name, device_id, imagePath;

                        if (rs.next()) {
                                imagePath = rs.getString("name");
                                if (imagePath != null) {
                                        imagePaths.add(imagePath);
                                }
                                type = rs.getLong("type"); //NON-NLS
                                ssize = rs.getLong("ssize"); //NON-NLS
                                tzone = rs.getString("tzone"); //NON-NLS
                                size = rs.getLong("size"); //NON-NLS
                                md5 = rs.getString("md5"); //NON-NLS
                                sha1 = rs.getString("sha1"); //NON-NLS
                                sha256 = rs.getString("sha256"); //NON-NLS
                                name = rs.getString("display_name");
                                if (name == null) {
                                        if (imagePaths.size() > 0) {
                                                String path = imagePaths.get(0);
                                                name = (new java.io.File(path)).getName();
                                        } else {
                                                name = "";
                                        }
                                }
                                device_id = rs.getString("device_id");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No image found for id: " + id);
                        }

                        // image can have multiple paths, therefore there can be multiple rows in the result set
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                imagePath = rs.getString("name");
                                if (imagePath != null) {
                                        imagePaths.add(imagePath);
                                }
                        }

                        return new Image(this, id, type, device_id, ssize, name,
                                        imagePaths.toArray(new String[imagePaths.size()]), tzone, md5, sha1, sha256, size);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Image by id, id = " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        VolumeSystem getVolumeSystemById(long id, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_vs_info " //NON-NLS
                                        + "where obj_id = " + id); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                long type = rs.getLong("vs_type"); //NON-NLS
                                long imgOffset = rs.getLong("img_offset"); //NON-NLS
                                long blockSize = rs.getLong("block_size"); //NON-NLS
                                VolumeSystem vs = new VolumeSystem(this, id, "", type, imgOffset, blockSize);
                                vs.setParent(parent);
                                return vs;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No volume system found for id:" + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Volume System by ID.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        VolumeSystem getVolumeSystemById(long id, long parentId) throws TskCoreException {
                VolumeSystem vs = getVolumeSystemById(id, null);
                vs.setParentId(parentId);
                return vs;
        }

        FileSystem getFileSystemById(long id, Image parent) throws TskCoreException {
                return getFileSystemByIdHelper(id, parent);
        }

        FileSystem getFileSystemById(long id, long parentId) throws TskCoreException {
                Volume vol = null;
                FileSystem fs = getFileSystemById(id, vol);
                fs.setParentId(parentId);
                return fs;
        }

        FileSystem getFileSystemById(long id, Volume parent) throws TskCoreException {
                return getFileSystemByIdHelper(id, parent);
        }

        Pool getPoolById(long id, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                return getPoolByIdHelper(id, parent);
        }

        Pool getPoolById(long id, long parentId) throws TskCoreException {
                Pool pool = getPoolById(id, null);
                pool.setParentId(parentId);
                return pool;
        }

        private Pool getPoolByIdHelper(long id, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {

                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                                Statement s = connection.createStatement();
                                ResultSet rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_pool_info " //NON-NLS
                                                + "where obj_id = " + id);) { //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                Pool pool = new Pool(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), TskData.TSK_POOL_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getLong("pool_type")).getName(), rs.getLong("pool_type"));
                                pool.setParent(parent);

                                return pool;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No pool found for ID:" + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Pool by ID", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private FileSystem getFileSystemByIdHelper(long id, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                // see if we already have it
                // @@@ NOTE: this is currently kind of bad in that we are ignoring the parent value,
                // but it should be the same...
                synchronized (fileSystemIdMap) {
                        if (fileSystemIdMap.containsKey(id)) {
                                return fileSystemIdMap.get(id);
                        }
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_fs_info " //NON-NLS
                                        + "where obj_id = " + id); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                TskData.TSK_FS_TYPE_ENUM fsType = TskData.TSK_FS_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getInt("fs_type")); //NON-NLS
                                FileSystem fs = new FileSystem(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), "", rs.getLong("img_offset"), //NON-NLS
                                                fsType, rs.getLong("block_size"), rs.getLong("block_count"), //NON-NLS
                                                rs.getLong("root_inum"), rs.getLong("first_inum"), rs.getLong("last_inum")); //NON-NLS
                                fs.setParent(parent);
                                // save it for the next call
                                synchronized (fileSystemIdMap) {
                                        fileSystemIdMap.put(id, fs);
                                }
                                return fs;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No file system found for id:" + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting File System by ID", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        Volume getVolumeById(long id, VolumeSystem parent) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_vs_parts " //NON-NLS
                                        + "where obj_id = " + id); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                String description;
                                try {
                                        description = rs.getString("desc");
                                } catch (Exception ex) {
                                        description = rs.getString("descr");
                                }
                                Volume vol = new Volume(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("addr"), //NON-NLS
                                                rs.getLong("start"), rs.getLong("length"), rs.getLong("flags"), //NON-NLS
                                                description);
                                vol.setParent(parent);
                                return vol;
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No volume found for id:" + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Volume by ID", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        Volume getVolumeById(long id, long parentId) throws TskCoreException {
                Volume vol = getVolumeById(id, null);
                vol.setParentId(parentId);
                return vol;
        }

        Directory getDirectoryById(long id, FileSystem parentFs) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();       
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE obj_id = " + id);
                        Directory temp = null; //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                final short type = rs.getShort("type"); //NON-NLS
                                if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.FS.getFileType()) {
                                        if (rs.getShort("meta_type") == TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR.getValue()
                                                        || rs.getShort("meta_type") == TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_VIRT_DIR.getValue()) { //NON-NLS
                                                temp = directory(rs, parentFs);
                                        }
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.VIRTUAL_DIR.getFileType()) {
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Expecting an FS-type directory, got virtual, id: " + id);
                                }
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No Directory found for id:" + id);
                        }
                        return temp;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting Directory by ID", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public Collection<FileSystem> getImageFileSystems(Image image) throws TskCoreException {
                List<FileSystem> fileSystems = new ArrayList<>();
                String queryStr = "SELECT * FROM tsk_fs_info WHERE data_source_obj_id = " + image.getId();
                
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, queryStr); //NON-NLS
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                TskData.TSK_FS_TYPE_ENUM fsType = TskData.TSK_FS_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getInt("fs_type")); //NON-NLS
                                FileSystem fs = new FileSystem(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), "", rs.getLong("img_offset"), //NON-NLS
                                                fsType, rs.getLong("block_size"), rs.getLong("block_count"), //NON-NLS
                                                rs.getLong("root_inum"), rs.getLong("first_inum"), rs.getLong("last_inum")); //NON-NLS
                                fs.setParent(null);
                                fileSystems.add(fs);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error looking up files systems. Query: " + queryStr, ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return fileSystems;
        }

        List<Content> getImageChildren(Image img) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(img);
                List<Content> children = new ArrayList<Content>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (null != info.type) {
                                switch (info.type) {
                                        case VS:
                                                children.add(getVolumeSystemById(info.id, img));
                                                break;
                                        case POOL:
                                                children.add(getPoolById(info.id, img));
                                                break;
                                        case FS:
                                                children.add(getFileSystemById(info.id, img));
                                                break;
                                        case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                                AbstractFile f = getAbstractFileById(info.id);
                                                if (f != null) {
                                                        children.add(f);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case ARTIFACT:
                                                BlackboardArtifact art = getArtifactById(info.id);
                                                if (art != null) {
                                                        children.add(art);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case REPORT:
                                                // Do nothing for now - see JIRA-3673
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                throw new TskCoreException("Image has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                                }
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Long> getImageChildrenIds(Image img) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(img);
                List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (info.type == ObjectType.VS
                                        || info.type == ObjectType.POOL
                                        || info.type == ObjectType.FS
                                        || info.type == ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE
                                        || info.type == ObjectType.ARTIFACT) {
                                children.add(info.id);
                        } else if (info.type == ObjectType.REPORT) {
                                // Do nothing for now - see JIRA-3673
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Image has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Content> getPoolChildren(Pool pool) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(pool);
                List<Content> children = new ArrayList<Content>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (null != info.type) {
                                switch (info.type) {
                                        case VS:
                                                children.add(getVolumeSystemById(info.id, pool));
                                                break;
                                        case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                                AbstractFile f = getAbstractFileById(info.id);
                                                if (f != null) {
                                                        children.add(f);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case ARTIFACT:
                                                BlackboardArtifact art = getArtifactById(info.id);
                                                if (art != null) {
                                                        children.add(art);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                throw new TskCoreException("Pool has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                                }
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Long> getPoolChildrenIds(Pool pool) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(pool);
                List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (info.type == ObjectType.VS || info.type == ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE || info.type == ObjectType.ARTIFACT) {
                                children.add(info.id);
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Pool has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Content> getVolumeSystemChildren(VolumeSystem vs) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(vs);
                List<Content> children = new ArrayList<Content>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (null != info.type) {
                                switch (info.type) {
                                        case VOL:
                                                children.add(getVolumeById(info.id, vs));
                                                break;
                                        case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                                AbstractFile f = getAbstractFileById(info.id);
                                                if (f != null) {
                                                        children.add(f);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case ARTIFACT:
                                                BlackboardArtifact art = getArtifactById(info.id);
                                                if (art != null) {
                                                        children.add(art);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                throw new TskCoreException("VolumeSystem has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                                }
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Long> getVolumeSystemChildrenIds(VolumeSystem vs) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(vs);
                List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (info.type == ObjectType.VOL || info.type == ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE || info.type == ObjectType.ARTIFACT) {
                                children.add(info.id);
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("VolumeSystem has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Content> getVolumeChildren(Volume vol) throws TskCoreException {
                Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(vol);
                List<Content> children = new ArrayList<Content>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (null != info.type) {
                                switch (info.type) {
                                        case POOL:
                                                children.add(getPoolById(info.id, vol));
                                                break;
                                        case FS:
                                                children.add(getFileSystemById(info.id, vol));
                                                break;
                                        case ABSTRACTFILE:
                                                AbstractFile f = getAbstractFileById(info.id);
                                                if (f != null) {
                                                        children.add(f);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case ARTIFACT:
                                                BlackboardArtifact art = getArtifactById(info.id);
                                                if (art != null) {
                                                        children.add(art);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                throw new TskCoreException("Volume has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                                }
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        List<Long> getVolumeChildrenIds(Volume vol) throws TskCoreException {
                final Collection<ObjectInfo> childInfos = getChildrenInfo(vol);
                final List<Long> children = new ArrayList<Long>();
                for (ObjectInfo info : childInfos) {
                        if (info.type == ObjectType.FS || info.type == ObjectType.ABSTRACTFILE || info.type == ObjectType.ARTIFACT) {
                                children.add(info.id);
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Volume has child of invalid type: " + info.type);
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        public Image addImageInfo(long deviceObjId, List<String> imageFilePaths, String timeZone) throws TskCoreException {
                return addImageInfo(deviceObjId, imageFilePaths, timeZone, null);
        }

        public Image addImageInfo(long deviceObjId, List<String> imageFilePaths, String timeZone, Host host) throws TskCoreException {
                long imageId = this.caseHandle.addImageInfo(deviceObjId, imageFilePaths, timeZone, host, this);
                return getImageById(imageId);
        }

        public Map<Long, List<String>> getImagePaths() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s1 = null;
                ResultSet rs1 = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s1 = connection.createStatement();
                        rs1 = connection.executeQuery(s1, "SELECT tsk_image_info.obj_id, tsk_image_names.name FROM tsk_image_info "
                                        + "LEFT JOIN tsk_image_names ON tsk_image_info.obj_id = tsk_image_names.obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                        Map<Long, List<String>> imgPaths = new LinkedHashMap<Long, List<String>>();
                        while (rs1.next()) {
                                long obj_id = rs1.getLong("obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                                String name = rs1.getString("name"); //NON-NLS
                                List<String> imagePaths = imgPaths.get(obj_id);
                                if (imagePaths == null) {
                                        List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
                                        if (name != null) {
                                                paths.add(name);
                                        }
                                        imgPaths.put(obj_id, paths);
                                } else {
                                        if (name != null) {
                                                imagePaths.add(name);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        return imgPaths;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting image paths.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs1);
                        closeStatement(s1);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private List<String> getImagePathsById(long objectId, CaseDbConnection connection) throws TskCoreException {
                List<String> imagePaths = new ArrayList<>();
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                Statement statement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement, "SELECT name FROM tsk_image_names WHERE tsk_image_names.obj_id = " + objectId); //NON-NLS
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                imagePaths.add(resultSet.getString("name"));
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error getting image names with obj_id = %d", objectId), ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

                return imagePaths;
        }

        public List<Image> getImages() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT obj_id FROM tsk_image_info"); //NON-NLS
                        Collection<Long> imageIDs = new ArrayList<Long>();
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                imageIDs.add(rs.getLong("obj_id")); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        List<Image> images = new ArrayList<Image>();
                        for (long id : imageIDs) {
                                images.add(getImageById(id));
                        }
                        return images;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error retrieving images.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public void setImagePaths(long obj_id, List<String> paths) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                PreparedStatement statement;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.DELETE_IMAGE_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, obj_id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
                                statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_IMAGE_NAME);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(1, obj_id);
                                statement.setString(2, paths.get(i));
                                statement.setLong(3, i);
                                connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        }
                        connection.commitTransaction();
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error updating image paths.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void deleteDataSource(long dataSourceObjectId) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement statement;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        // The following delete(s) uses a foreign key delete with cascade in the DB so that it will delete
                        // all associated rows from tsk_object and its children.  For large data sources this may take some time.
                        statement.execute("DELETE FROM tsk_objects WHERE obj_id = " + dataSourceObjectId);
                        // The following delete uses a foreign key delete with cascade in the DB so that it will delete all
                        // associated rows from accounts table and its children.
                        String accountSql = "DELETE FROM accounts WHERE account_id in (SELECT account_id FROM accounts "
                                        + "WHERE account_id NOT IN (SELECT account1_id FROM account_relationships) "
                                        + "AND account_id NOT IN (SELECT account2_id FROM account_relationships))";
                        statement.execute(accountSql);
                        connection.commitTransaction();
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error deleting data source.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        List<AbstractFile> resultSetToAbstractFiles(ResultSet rs, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException {
                ArrayList<AbstractFile> results = new ArrayList<AbstractFile>();
                try {
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                final short type = rs.getShort("type"); //NON-NLS
                                if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.FS.getFileType()
                                                && (rs.getShort("meta_type") != TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_VIRT_DIR.getValue())) {
                                        FsContent result;
                                        if (rs.getShort("meta_type") == TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR.getValue()) { //NON-NLS
                                                result = directory(rs, null);
                                        } else {
                                                result = file(rs, null);
                                        }
                                        results.add(result);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.VIRTUAL_DIR.getFileType()
                                                || (rs.getShort("meta_type") == TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_VIRT_DIR.getValue())) { //NON-NLS
                                        final VirtualDirectory virtDir = virtualDirectory(rs, connection);
                                        results.add(virtDir);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LOCAL_DIR.getFileType()) {
                                        final LocalDirectory localDir = localDirectory(rs);
                                        results.add(localDir);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.UNALLOC_BLOCKS.getFileType()
                                                || type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.UNUSED_BLOCKS.getFileType()
                                                || type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.CARVED.getFileType()
                                                || type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LAYOUT_FILE.getFileType()) {
                                        TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM atype = TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(type);
                                        String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path"); //NON-NLS
                                        if (parentPath == null) {
                                                parentPath = "/"; //NON-NLS
                                        }

                                        Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                                        if (rs.wasNull()) {
                                                osAccountObjId = null;
                                        }

                                        LayoutFile lf = new LayoutFile(this,
                                                        rs.getLong("obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                                        rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"),
                                                        rs.getString("name"), //NON-NLS
                                                        atype,
                                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), rs.getShort("meta_flags"), //NON-NLS
                                                        rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                                        rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                                        rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), parentPath,
                                                        rs.getString("mime_type"),
                                                        rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId); //NON-NLS
                                        results.add(lf);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.DERIVED.getFileType()) {
                                        final DerivedFile df;
                                        df = derivedFile(rs, connection, AbstractContent.UNKNOWN_ID);
                                        results.add(df);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.LOCAL.getFileType()) {
                                        final LocalFile lf;
                                        lf = localFile(rs, connection, AbstractContent.UNKNOWN_ID);
                                        results.add(lf);
                                } else if (type == TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.SLACK.getFileType()) {
                                        final SlackFile sf = slackFile(rs, null);
                                        results.add(sf);
                                }
                        } //end for each resultSet
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting abstract files from result set", e); //NON-NLS
                }

                return results;
        }

        // This following methods generate AbstractFile objects from a ResultSet
        org.sleuthkit.datamodel.File file(ResultSet rs, FileSystem fs) throws SQLException {
                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                        osAccountObjId = null;
                }

                org.sleuthkit.datamodel.File f = new org.sleuthkit.datamodel.File(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"), rs.getLong("fs_obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                TskData.TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("attr_type")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getInt("attr_id"), rs.getString("name"), rs.getLong("meta_addr"), rs.getInt("meta_seq"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getShort("meta_flags"), rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                (short) rs.getInt("mode"), rs.getInt("uid"), rs.getInt("gid"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("parent_path"), rs.getString("mime_type"), rs.getString("extension"), rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId, Collections.emptyList()); //NON-NLS
                f.setFileSystem(fs);
                return f;
        }

        Directory directory(ResultSet rs, FileSystem fs) throws SQLException {
                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                        osAccountObjId = null;
                }

                Directory dir = new Directory(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"), rs.getLong("fs_obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                TskData.TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("attr_type")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getInt("attr_id"), rs.getString("name"), rs.getLong("meta_addr"), rs.getInt("meta_seq"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getShort("meta_flags"), rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getShort("mode"), rs.getInt("uid"), rs.getInt("gid"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("parent_path"), rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId); //NON-NLS
                dir.setFileSystem(fs);
                return dir;
        }

        VirtualDirectory virtualDirectory(ResultSet rs, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException {
                String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path"); //NON-NLS
                if (parentPath == null) {
                        parentPath = "";
                }

                long objId = rs.getLong("obj_id");
                long dsObjId = rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id");
                if (objId == dsObjId) { // virtual directory is a data source

                        String deviceId = "";
                        String timeZone = "";
                        Statement s = null;
                        ResultSet rsDataSourceInfo = null;

                        acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        try {
                                s = connection.createStatement();
                                rsDataSourceInfo = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT device_id, time_zone FROM data_source_info WHERE obj_id = " + objId);
                                if (rsDataSourceInfo.next()) {
                                        deviceId = rsDataSourceInfo.getString("device_id");
                                        timeZone = rsDataSourceInfo.getString("time_zone");
                                }
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error data source info for datasource id " + objId, ex); //NON-NLS
                        } finally {
                                closeResultSet(rsDataSourceInfo);
                                closeStatement(s);
                                releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        }

                        return new LocalFilesDataSource(this,
                                        objId, dsObjId,
                                        deviceId,
                                        rs.getString("name"),
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")),
                                        rs.getShort("meta_flags"),
                                        timeZone,
                                        rs.getString("md5"),
                                        rs.getString("sha256"),
                                        FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")),
                                        parentPath);
                } else {
                        final VirtualDirectory vd = new VirtualDirectory(this,
                                        objId, dsObjId,
                                        rs.getString("name"), //NON-NLS
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                        TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                        TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), //NON-NLS
                                        rs.getShort("meta_flags"), rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), //NON-NLS
                                        FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), parentPath); //NON-NLS
                        return vd;
                }
        }

        LocalDirectory localDirectory(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
                String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path"); //NON-NLS
                if (parentPath == null) {
                        parentPath = "";
                }
                final LocalDirectory ld = new LocalDirectory(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"), rs.getString("name"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getShort("meta_flags"), rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), //NON-NLS
                                FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), parentPath); //NON-NLS
                return ld;
        }

        private DerivedFile derivedFile(ResultSet rs, CaseDbConnection connection, long parentId) throws SQLException {
                boolean hasLocalPath = rs.getBoolean("has_path"); //NON-NLS
                long objId = rs.getLong("obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                String localPath = null;
                TskData.EncodingType encodingType = TskData.EncodingType.NONE;
                if (hasLocalPath) {
                        ResultSet rsFilePath = null;
                        acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        try {
                                PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_LOCAL_PATH_AND_ENCODING_FOR_FILE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(1, objId);
                                rsFilePath = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                                if (rsFilePath.next()) {
                                        localPath = rsFilePath.getString("path");
                                        encodingType = TskData.EncodingType.valueOf(rsFilePath.getInt("encoding_type"));
                                }
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting encoding type for file " + objId, ex); //NON-NLS
                        } finally {
                                closeResultSet(rsFilePath);
                                releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        }
                }
                String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path"); //NON-NLS
                if (parentPath == null) {
                        parentPath = "";
                }

                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                        osAccountObjId = null;
                }

                final DerivedFile df = new DerivedFile(this, objId, rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"),
                                rs.getString("name"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), rs.getShort("meta_flags"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), //NON-NLS
                                parentPath, localPath, parentId, rs.getString("mime_type"),
                                encodingType, rs.getString("extension"),
                                rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId);
                return df;
        }

        private LocalFile localFile(ResultSet rs, CaseDbConnection connection, long parentId) throws SQLException {
                long objId = rs.getLong("obj_id"); //NON-NLS
                String localPath = null;
                TskData.EncodingType encodingType = TskData.EncodingType.NONE;
                if (rs.getBoolean("has_path")) {
                        ResultSet rsFilePath = null;
                        acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        try {
                                PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_LOCAL_PATH_AND_ENCODING_FOR_FILE);
                                statement.clearParameters();
                                statement.setLong(1, objId);
                                rsFilePath = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                                if (rsFilePath.next()) {
                                        localPath = rsFilePath.getString("path");
                                        encodingType = TskData.EncodingType.valueOf(rsFilePath.getInt("encoding_type"));
                                }
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting encoding type for file " + objId, ex); //NON-NLS
                        } finally {
                                closeResultSet(rsFilePath);
                                releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        }
                }
                String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path"); //NON-NLS
                if (null == parentPath) {
                        parentPath = "";
                }
                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                        osAccountObjId = null;
                }

                LocalFile file = new LocalFile(this, objId, rs.getString("name"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), rs.getShort("meta_flags"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("mime_type"), rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), //NON-NLS
                                parentId, parentPath, rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"),
                                localPath, encodingType, rs.getString("extension"),
                                rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId);
                return file;
        }

        org.sleuthkit.datamodel.SlackFile slackFile(ResultSet rs, FileSystem fs) throws SQLException {
                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                        osAccountObjId = null;
                }
                org.sleuthkit.datamodel.SlackFile f = new org.sleuthkit.datamodel.SlackFile(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"), rs.getLong("fs_obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                TskData.TSK_FS_ATTR_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("attr_type")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getInt("attr_id"), rs.getString("name"), rs.getLong("meta_addr"), rs.getInt("meta_seq"), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")), //NON-NLS
                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getShort("meta_flags"), rs.getLong("size"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"), //NON-NLS
                                (short) rs.getInt("mode"), rs.getInt("uid"), rs.getInt("gid"), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"), FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), //NON-NLS
                                rs.getString("parent_path"), rs.getString("mime_type"), rs.getString("extension"),
                                rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId); //NON-NLS
                f.setFileSystem(fs);
                return f;
        }

        List<Content> fileChildren(ResultSet rs, CaseDbConnection connection, long parentId) throws SQLException {
                List<Content> children = new ArrayList<Content>();

                while (rs.next()) {
                        TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM type = TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("type"));

                        if (null != type) {
                                switch (type) {
                                        case FS:
                                                if (rs.getShort("meta_type") != TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_VIRT_DIR.getValue()) {
                                                        FsContent result;
                                                        if (rs.getShort("meta_type") == TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_DIR.getValue()) {
                                                                result = directory(rs, null);
                                                        } else {
                                                                result = file(rs, null);
                                                        }
                                                        children.add(result);
                                                } else {
                                                        VirtualDirectory virtDir = virtualDirectory(rs, connection);
                                                        children.add(virtDir);
                                                }
                                                break;
                                        case VIRTUAL_DIR:
                                                VirtualDirectory virtDir = virtualDirectory(rs, connection);
                                                children.add(virtDir);
                                                break;
                                        case LOCAL_DIR:
                                                LocalDirectory localDir = localDirectory(rs);
                                                children.add(localDir);
                                                break;
                                        case UNALLOC_BLOCKS:
                                        case UNUSED_BLOCKS:
                                        case CARVED:
                                        case LAYOUT_FILE: {
                                                String parentPath = rs.getString("parent_path");
                                                if (parentPath == null) {
                                                        parentPath = "";
                                                }
                                                Long osAccountObjId = rs.getLong("os_account_obj_id");
                                                if (rs.wasNull()) {
                                                        osAccountObjId = null;
                                                }
                                                final LayoutFile lf = new LayoutFile(this, rs.getLong("obj_id"),
                                                                rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"), rs.getString("name"), type,
                                                                TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_type")),
                                                                TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("meta_type")),
                                                                TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.valueOf(rs.getShort("dir_flags")), rs.getShort("meta_flags"),
                                                                rs.getLong("size"),
                                                                rs.getLong("ctime"), rs.getLong("crtime"), rs.getLong("atime"), rs.getLong("mtime"),
                                                                rs.getString("md5"), rs.getString("sha256"),
                                                                FileKnown.valueOf(rs.getByte("known")), parentPath, rs.getString("mime_type"),
                                                                rs.getString("owner_uid"), osAccountObjId);
                                                children.add(lf);
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        case DERIVED:
                                                final DerivedFile df = derivedFile(rs, connection, parentId);
                                                children.add(df);
                                                break;
                                        case LOCAL: {
                                                final LocalFile lf = localFile(rs, connection, parentId);
                                                children.add(lf);
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        case SLACK: {
                                                final SlackFile sf = slackFile(rs, null);
                                                children.add(sf);
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        default:
                                                break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                return children;
        }

        private List<BlackboardArtifact> resultSetToArtifacts(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact> artifacts = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact>();
                try {
                        while (rs.next()) {
                                BlackboardArtifact.Type artifactType = getArtifactType(rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"));
                                if (artifactType != null) {
                                        artifacts.add(new BlackboardArtifact(this, rs.getLong("artifact_id"), rs.getLong("obj_id"), rs.getLong("artifact_obj_id"), rs.getLong("data_source_obj_id"),
                                                        rs.getInt("artifact_type_id"), artifactType.getTypeName(), artifactType.getDisplayName(),
                                                        BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.withID(rs.getInt("review_status_id"))));
                                } else {
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Error looking up artifact type ID " + rs.getInt("artifact_type_id") + " from artifact " + rs.getLong("artifact_id"));
                                }
                        } //end for each resultSet
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting artifacts from result set", e); //NON-NLS
                }

                return artifacts;
        }

        public CaseDbQuery executeQuery(String query) throws TskCoreException {
                return new CaseDbQuery(query);
        }

        public CaseDbQuery executeInsertOrUpdate(String query) throws TskCoreException {
                return new CaseDbQuery(query, true);
        }

        CaseDbConnection getConnection() throws TskCoreException {
                return connections.getConnection();
        }

        String getCaseHandleIdentifier() {
                return caseHandleIdentifier;
        }

        @Override
        protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
                try {
                        close();
                } finally {
                        super.finalize();
                }
        }

        public synchronized void close() {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();

                try {
                        connections.close();
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error closing database connection pool.", ex); //NON-NLS
                }

                fileSystemIdMap.clear();

                try {
                        if (this.caseHandle != null) {
                                this.caseHandle.free();
                                this.caseHandle = null;
                        }
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error freeing case handle.", ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public boolean setKnown(AbstractFile file, FileKnown fileKnown) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = file.getId();
                FileKnown currentKnown = file.getKnown();
                if (currentKnown.compareTo(fileKnown) > 0) {
                        return false;
                }
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement, "UPDATE tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                        + "SET known='" + fileKnown.getFileKnownValue() + "' " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE obj_id=" + id); //NON-NLS

                        file.setKnown(fileKnown);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting Known status.", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
                return true;
        }

        void setFileName(String name, long objId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(SleuthkitCase.PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_FILE_NAME);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(2, objId);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error updating while the name for object ID %d to %s", objId, name), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setImageName(String name, long objId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(SleuthkitCase.PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_NAME);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(2, objId);
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error updating while the name for object ID %d to %s", objId, name), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setImageSizes(Image image, long totalSize, long sectorSize) throws TskCoreException {

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(SleuthkitCase.PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_SIZES);
                        preparedStatement.clearParameters();
                        preparedStatement.setLong(1, totalSize);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(2, sectorSize);
                        preparedStatement.setLong(3, image.getId());
                        connection.executeUpdate(preparedStatement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error updating image sizes to %d and sector size to %d for object ID %d ", totalSize, sectorSize, image.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public void setFileMIMEType(AbstractFile file, String mimeType) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                                Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement, String.format("UPDATE tsk_files SET mime_type = '%s' WHERE obj_id = %d", mimeType, file.getId()));
                        file.setMIMEType(mimeType);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error setting MIME type for file (obj_id = %s)", file.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public void setFileUnalloc(AbstractFile file) throws TskCoreException {

                // get the flags, reset the ALLOC flag, and set the UNALLOC flag
                short metaFlag = file.getMetaFlagsAsInt();
                Set<TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM> metaFlagAsSet = TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.valuesOf(metaFlag);
                metaFlagAsSet.remove(TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC);
                metaFlagAsSet.add(TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC);

                short newMetaFlgs = TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.toInt(metaFlagAsSet);
                short newDirFlags = TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC.getValue();

                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement, String.format("UPDATE tsk_files SET meta_flags = '%d', dir_flags = '%d'  WHERE obj_id = %d", newMetaFlgs, newDirFlags, file.getId()));

                        file.removeMetaFlag(TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.ALLOC);
                        file.setMetaFlag(TSK_FS_META_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC);

                        file.setDirFlag(TSK_FS_NAME_FLAG_ENUM.UNALLOC);

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Error setting unalloc meta flag for file (obj_id = %s)", file.getId()), ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setMd5Hash(AbstractFile file, String md5Hash) throws TskCoreException {
                if (md5Hash == null) {
                        return;
                }
                long id = file.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_FILE_MD5);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, md5Hash.toLowerCase());
                        statement.setLong(2, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        file.setMd5Hash(md5Hash.toLowerCase());
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting MD5 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setMd5ImageHash(Image img, String md5Hash) throws TskCoreException {
                if (md5Hash == null) {
                        return;
                }
                long id = img.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_MD5);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, md5Hash.toLowerCase());
                        statement.setLong(2, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting MD5 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        String getMd5ImageHash(Image img) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = img.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                String hash = "";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_IMAGE_MD5);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                hash = rs.getString("md5");
                        }
                        return hash;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting MD5 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        void setSha1ImageHash(Image img, String sha1Hash) throws TskCoreException {
                if (sha1Hash == null) {
                        return;
                }
                long id = img.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_SHA1);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, sha1Hash.toLowerCase());
                        statement.setLong(2, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting SHA1 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        String getSha1ImageHash(Image img) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = img.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                String hash = "";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_IMAGE_SHA1);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                hash = rs.getString("sha1");
                        }
                        return hash;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting SHA1 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        void setSha256ImageHash(Image img, String sha256Hash) throws TskCoreException {
                if (sha256Hash == null) {
                        return;
                }
                long id = img.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_SHA256);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, sha256Hash.toLowerCase());
                        statement.setLong(2, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting SHA256 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        String getSha256ImageHash(Image img) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = img.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                String hash = "";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_IMAGE_SHA256);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                hash = rs.getString("sha256");
                        }
                        return hash;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting SHA256 hash", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        void setAcquisitionDetails(DataSource datasource, String details) throws TskCoreException {

                long id = datasource.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_ACQUISITION_DETAILS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, details);
                        statement.setLong(2, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setAcquisitionToolDetails(DataSource datasource, String name, String version, String settings) throws TskCoreException {

                long id = datasource.getId();
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_ACQUISITION_TOOL_SETTINGS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, settings);
                        statement.setString(2, name);
                        statement.setString(3, version);
                        statement.setLong(4, id);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setAcquisitionDetails(long dataSourceId, String details, CaseDbTransaction trans) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        CaseDbConnection connection = trans.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_ACQUISITION_DETAILS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, details);
                        statement.setLong(2, dataSourceId);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                }
        }

        String getAcquisitionDetails(DataSource datasource) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = datasource.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                String hash = "";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ACQUISITION_DETAILS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                hash = rs.getString("acquisition_details");
                        }
                        return hash;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        String getDataSourceInfoString(DataSource datasource, String columnName) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = datasource.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                String returnValue = "";
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ACQUISITION_TOOL_SETTINGS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                returnValue = rs.getString(columnName);
                        }
                        return returnValue;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        Long getDataSourceInfoLong(DataSource datasource, String columnName) throws TskCoreException {
                long id = datasource.getId();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                Long returnValue = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ACQUISITION_TOOL_SETTINGS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                returnValue = rs.getLong(columnName);
                        }
                        return returnValue;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting acquisition details", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public void setReviewStatus(BlackboardArtifact artifact, BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus newStatus) throws TskCoreException {
                if (newStatus == null) {
                        return;
                }
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement, "UPDATE blackboard_artifacts "
                                        + " SET review_status_id=" + newStatus.getID()
                                        + " WHERE blackboard_artifacts.artifact_id = " + artifact.getArtifactID());
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error setting review status", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public int countFsContentType(TskData.TSK_FS_META_TYPE_ENUM contentType) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        Short contentShort = contentType.getValue();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM tsk_files WHERE meta_type = '" + contentShort.toString() + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        int count = 0;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getInt("count");
                        }
                        return count;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting number of objects.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public static String escapeSingleQuotes(String text) {
                String escapedText = null;
                if (text != null) {
                        escapedText = text.replaceAll("'", "''");
                }
                return escapedText;
        }

        public List<AbstractFile> findFilesByMd5(String md5Hash) {
                if (md5Hash == null) {
                        return Collections.<AbstractFile>emptyList();
                }
                
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE " //NON-NLS
                                        + " md5 = '" + md5Hash.toLowerCase() + "' " //NON-NLS
                                        + "AND size > 0"); //NON-NLS
                        return resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                } catch (SQLException | TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Error querying database.", ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return Collections.<AbstractFile>emptyList();
        }

        public boolean allFilesMd5Hashed() {
                boolean allFilesAreHashed = false;
                
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE dir_type = '" + TskData.TSK_FS_NAME_TYPE_ENUM.REG.getValue() + "' " //NON-NLS
                                        + "AND md5 IS NULL " //NON-NLS
                                        + "AND size > '0'"); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next() && rs.getInt("count") == 0) {
                                allFilesAreHashed = true;
                        }
                } catch (SQLException | TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to query whether all files have MD5 hashes", ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return allFilesAreHashed;
        }

        public int countFilesMd5Hashed() {              
                int count = 0;
                
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                        + "WHERE md5 IS NOT NULL " //NON-NLS
                                        + "AND size > '0'"); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                count = rs.getInt("count");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException | TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to query for all the files.", ex); //NON-NLS
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return count;

        }

        public List<TagName> getAllTagNames() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT * FROM tag_names
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_TAG_NAMES);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<TagName> tagNames = new ArrayList<>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                tagNames.add(new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"))); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return tagNames;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error selecting rows from tag_names table", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<TagName> getTagNamesInUse() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT * FROM tag_names WHERE tag_name_id IN (SELECT tag_name_id from content_tags UNION SELECT tag_name_id FROM blackboard_artifact_tags)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_TAG_NAMES_IN_USE);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<TagName> tagNames = new ArrayList<>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                tagNames.add(new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"))); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return tagNames;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error selecting rows from tag_names table", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<TagName> getTagNamesInUse(long dsObjId) throws TskCoreException {

                ArrayList<TagName> tagNames = new ArrayList<>();
                //      SELECT * FROM tag_names WHERE tag_name_id IN 
                //       ( SELECT content_tags.tag_name_id as tag_name_id FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files WHERE content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id =  ? "
                //     UNION 
                //     SELECT artifact_tags.tag_name_id as tag_name_id FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts WHERE artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id AND arts.data_source_obj_id = ? )
                //   )
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_TAG_NAMES_IN_USE_BY_DATASOURCE);
                        statement.setLong(1, dsObjId);
                        statement.setLong(2, dsObjId);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement); //NON-NLS
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                tagNames.add(new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"))); //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return tagNames;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to get tag names in use for data source objID : " + dsObjId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public TagName addTagName(String displayName, String description, TagName.HTML_COLOR color) throws TskCoreException {
                return addOrUpdateTagName(displayName, description, color, TskData.FileKnown.UNKNOWN);
        }

        public TagName addOrUpdateTagName(String displayName, String description, TagName.HTML_COLOR color, TskData.FileKnown knownStatus) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        // INSERT INTO tag_names (display_name, description, color, knownStatus) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT (display_name) DO UPDATE SET description = ?, color = ?, knownStatus = ?
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_OR_UPDATE_TAG_NAME, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(5, description);
                        statement.setString(6, color.getName());
                        statement.setByte(7, knownStatus.getFileKnownValue());
                        statement.setString(1, displayName);
                        statement.setString(2, description);
                        statement.setString(3, color.getName());
                        statement.setByte(4, knownStatus.getFileKnownValue());
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);

                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_TAG_NAME_BY_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, displayName);
                        try (ResultSet resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement)) {
                                resultSet.next();
                                return new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), displayName, description, color, knownStatus, resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding row for " + displayName + " tag name to tag_names table", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public ContentTag addContentTag(Content content, TagName tagName, String comment, long beginByteOffset, long endByteOffset) throws TskCoreException {
                return taggingMgr.addContentTag(content, tagName, comment, beginByteOffset, endByteOffset).getAddedTag();
        }

        /*
         * Deletes a row from the content_tags table in the case database. @param
         * tag A ContentTag data transfer object (DTO) for the row to delete.
         * @throws TskCoreException
         */
        public void deleteContentTag(ContentTag tag) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbTransaction trans = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        // DELETE FROM content_tags WHERE tag_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = trans.getConnection().getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.DELETE_CONTENT_TAG);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tag.getId());
                        trans.getConnection().executeUpdate(statement);
                        
                        // update the aggregate score for the content
                        Long contentId = tag.getContent() != null ? tag.getContent().getId() : null;
                        Long dataSourceId = tag.getContent() != null && tag.getContent().getDataSource() != null 
                                        ? tag.getContent().getDataSource().getId() 
                                        : null;
                        
                        this.getScoringManager().updateAggregateScoreAfterDeletion(contentId, dataSourceId, trans);
                        
                        trans.commit();
                        trans = null;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error deleting row from content_tags table (id = " + tag.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        if (trans != null) {
                                trans.rollback();
                        }
                }
        }

        public List<ContentTag> getAllContentTags() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM content_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id 
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<ContentTag> tags = new ArrayList<ContentTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));  //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(resultSet.getLong("obj_id")); //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(new ContentTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"), content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"),
                                                resultSet.getLong("begin_byte_offset"), resultSet.getLong("end_byte_offset"), resultSet.getString("login_name")));  //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error selecting rows from content_tags table", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getContentTagsCountByTagName(TagName tagName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM content_tags WHERE tag_name_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                return resultSet.getLong("count");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getContentTagsCountByTagName(TagName tagName, long dsObjId) throws TskCoreException {

                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files WHERE content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id"
                        //              + " AND content_tags.tag_name_id = ? "
                        //              + " AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id = ? "
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        statement.setLong(2, dsObjId);

                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                return resultSet.getLong("count");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")" + " for dsObjId = " + dsObjId);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to get content_tags row count for  tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + "data source objID : " + dsObjId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public ContentTag getContentTagByID(long contentTagID) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                ContentTag tag = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM content_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id 
                        //      UTER LEFT JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE tag_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_CONTENT_TAG_BY_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, contentTagID);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);

                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));
                                tag = new ContentTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"), getContentById(resultSet.getLong("obj_id")), tagName,
                                                resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getLong("begin_byte_offset"), resultSet.getLong("end_byte_offset"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content tag with id = " + contentTagID, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return tag;
        }

        public List<ContentTag> getContentTagsByTagName(TagName tagName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM content_tags 
                        //  LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE tag_name_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<ContentTag> tags = new ArrayList<ContentTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                ContentTag tag = new ContentTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"), getContentById(resultSet.getLong("obj_id")),
                                                tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getLong("begin_byte_offset"), resultSet.getLong("end_byte_offset"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        resultSet.close();
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content_tags rows (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<ContentTag> getContentTagsByTagName(TagName tagName, long dsObjId) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();

                        //      SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //       FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files 
                        //       LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //       WHERE content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id
                        //       AND content_tags.tag_name_id = ?
                        //       AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id = ? 
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        statement.setLong(2, dsObjId);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<ContentTag> tags = new ArrayList<ContentTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                ContentTag tag = new ContentTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"), getContentById(resultSet.getLong("obj_id")),
                                                tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getLong("begin_byte_offset"), resultSet.getLong("end_byte_offset"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        resultSet.close();
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to get content_tags row count for  tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + " data source objID : " + dsObjId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<ContentTag> getContentTagsByContent(Content content) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM content_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id 
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE content_tags.obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_CONTENT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, content.getId());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<ContentTag> tags = new ArrayList<ContentTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));  //NON-NLS
                                ContentTag tag = new ContentTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"), content, tagName,
                                                resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getLong("begin_byte_offset"), resultSet.getLong("end_byte_offset"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting content tags data for content (obj_id = " + content.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public BlackboardArtifactTag addBlackboardArtifactTag(BlackboardArtifact artifact, TagName tagName, String comment) throws TskCoreException {
                return taggingMgr.addArtifactTag(artifact, tagName, comment).getAddedTag();
        }

        /*
         * Deletes a row from the blackboard_artifact_tags table in the case
         * database. @param tag A BlackboardArtifactTag data transfer object (DTO)
         * representing the row to delete. @throws TskCoreException
         */
        public void deleteBlackboardArtifactTag(BlackboardArtifactTag tag) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbTransaction trans = beginTransaction();
                try {
                        // DELETE FROM blackboard_artifact_tags WHERE tag_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = trans.getConnection().getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.DELETE_ARTIFACT_TAG);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tag.getId());
                        trans.getConnection().executeUpdate(statement);
                        
                        // update the aggregate score for the artifact
                        Long artifactObjId = tag.getArtifact().getId();
                        Long dataSourceId = tag.getContent() != null && tag.getContent().getDataSource() != null 
                                        ? tag.getContent().getDataSource().getId() 
                                        : null;
                        
                        this.getScoringManager().updateAggregateScoreAfterDeletion(artifactObjId, dataSourceId, trans);
                        
                        trans.commit();
                        trans = null;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error deleting row from blackboard_artifact_tags table (id = " + tag.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        if (trans != null) {
                                trans.rollback();
                        }
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifactTag> getAllBlackboardArtifactTags() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name
                        //      FROM blackboard_artifact_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id 
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag> tags = new ArrayList<>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));  //NON-NLS
                                BlackboardArtifact artifact = getBlackboardArtifact(resultSet.getLong("artifact_id")); //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(artifact.getObjectID());
                                BlackboardArtifactTag tag = new BlackboardArtifactTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"),
                                                artifact, content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error selecting rows from blackboard_artifact_tags table", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactTagsCountByTagName(TagName tagName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifact_tags WHERE tag_name_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_TAG_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                return resultSet.getLong("count");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard_artifact_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifact_content_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public long getBlackboardArtifactTagsCountByTagName(TagName tagName, long dsObjId) throws TskCoreException {

                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts WHERE artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id"
                        //    + " AND artifact_tags.tag_name_id = ?"
                        //       + " AND arts.data_source_obj_id =  ? "
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        statement.setLong(2, dsObjId);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                return resultSet.getLong("count");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard_artifact_tags row count for tag name (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")" + " for dsObjId = " + dsObjId);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to get blackboard_artifact_tags row count for  tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + "data source objID : " + dsObjId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifactTag> getBlackboardArtifactTagsByTagName(TagName tagName) throws TskCoreException {
                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM blackboard_artifact_tags 
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE tag_name_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag> tags = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                BlackboardArtifact artifact = getBlackboardArtifact(resultSet.getLong("artifact_id")); //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(artifact.getObjectID());
                                BlackboardArtifactTag tag = new BlackboardArtifactTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"),
                                                artifact, content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifact tags data (tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifactTag> getBlackboardArtifactTagsByTagName(TagName tagName, long dsObjId) throws TskCoreException {

                if (tagName.getId() == Tag.ID_NOT_SET) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("TagName object is invalid, id not set");
                }

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        //      SELECT artifact_tags.tag_id, artifact_tags.artifact_id, artifact_tags.tag_name_id, artifact_tags.comment, arts.obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id, arts.review_status_id, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //       FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts 
                        //       LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //       WHERE artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id
                        //       AND artifact_tags.tag_name_id = ? 
                        //       AND arts.data_source_obj_id =  ?             
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, tagName.getId());
                        statement.setLong(2, dsObjId);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag> tags = new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                BlackboardArtifact artifact = getBlackboardArtifact(resultSet.getLong("artifact_id")); //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(artifact.getObjectID());
                                BlackboardArtifactTag tag = new BlackboardArtifactTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"),
                                                artifact, content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to get blackboard_artifact_tags row count for  tag_name_id = " + tagName.getId() + "data source objID : " + dsObjId, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

        }

        public BlackboardArtifactTag getBlackboardArtifactTagByID(long artifactTagID) throws TskCoreException {

                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                BlackboardArtifactTag tag = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        //SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM blackboard_artifact_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id  
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAG_BY_ID);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, artifactTagID);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);

                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));
                                BlackboardArtifact artifact = getBlackboardArtifact(resultSet.getLong("artifact_id")); //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(artifact.getObjectID());
                                tag = new BlackboardArtifactTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"),
                                                artifact, content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));
                        }
                        resultSet.close();

                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifact tag with id = " + artifactTagID, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
                return tag;
        }

        public List<BlackboardArtifactTag> getBlackboardArtifactTagsByArtifact(BlackboardArtifact artifact) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        //  SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name 
                        //      FROM blackboard_artifact_tags 
                        //      INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id 
                        //      LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id 
                        //      WHERE blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_ARTIFACT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, artifact.getArtifactID());
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<BlackboardArtifactTag> tags = new ArrayList<>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                TagName tagName = new TagName(resultSet.getLong("tag_name_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("description"), TagName.HTML_COLOR.getColorByName(resultSet.getString("color")),
                                                TskData.FileKnown.valueOf(resultSet.getByte("knownStatus")), resultSet.getLong("tag_set_id"), resultSet.getInt("rank"));  //NON-NLS
                                Content content = getContentById(artifact.getObjectID());
                                BlackboardArtifactTag tag = new BlackboardArtifactTag(resultSet.getLong("tag_id"),
                                                artifact, content, tagName, resultSet.getString("comment"), resultSet.getString("login_name"));  //NON-NLS
                                tags.add(tag);
                        }
                        return tags;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting blackboard artifact tags data (artifact_id = " + artifact.getArtifactID() + ")", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public void updateImagePath(String newPath, long objectId) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        // UPDATE tsk_image_names SET name = ? WHERE obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.UPDATE_IMAGE_PATH);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setString(1, newPath);
                        statement.setLong(2, objectId);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error updating image path in database for object " + objectId, ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public Report addReport(String localPath, String sourceModuleName, String reportName) throws TskCoreException {
                return addReport(localPath, sourceModuleName, reportName, null);
        }

        public Report addReport(String localPath, String sourceModuleName, String reportName, Content parent) throws TskCoreException {
                // Make sure the local path of the report is in the database directory
                // or one of its subdirectories.
                String relativePath = ""; //NON-NLS
                long createTime = 0;
                String localPathLower = localPath.toLowerCase();

                if (localPathLower.startsWith("http")) {
                        relativePath = localPathLower;
                        createTime = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Note: The following call to .relativize() may be dangerous in
                         * case-sensitive operating systems and should be looked at. For
                         * now, we are simply relativizing the paths as all lower case, then
                         * using the length of the result to pull out the appropriate number
                         * of characters from the localPath String.
                         */
                        try {
                                String casePathLower = getDbDirPath().toLowerCase();
                                int length = new File(casePathLower).toURI().relativize(new File(localPathLower).toURI()).getPath().length();
                                relativePath = new File(localPath.substring(localPathLower.length() - length)).getPath();
                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                                String errorMessage = String.format("Local path %s not in the database directory or one of its subdirectories", localPath);
                                throw new TskCoreException(errorMessage, ex);
                        }
                        try {
                                // get its file time
                                java.io.File tempFile = new java.io.File(localPath);
                                // Convert to UNIX epoch (seconds, not milliseconds).
                                createTime = tempFile.lastModified() / 1000;
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Could not get create time for report at " + localPath, ex);
                        }
                }

                // Write the report data to the database.
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        // Insert a row for the report into the tsk_objects table.
                        // INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)
                        long parentObjId = 0;
                        if (parent != null) {
                                parentObjId = parent.getId();
                        }
                        long objectId = addObject(parentObjId, TskData.ObjectType.REPORT.getObjectType(), connection);

                        // INSERT INTO reports (obj_id, path, crtime, src_module_name, display_name) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_REPORT);
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, objectId);
                        statement.setString(2, relativePath);
                        statement.setLong(3, createTime);
                        statement.setString(4, sourceModuleName);
                        statement.setString(5, reportName);
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        return new Report(this, objectId, localPath, createTime, sourceModuleName, reportName, parent);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding report " + localPath + " to reports table", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public List<Report> getAllReports() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                ResultSet parentResultSet = null;
                PreparedStatement statement = null;
                Statement parentStatement = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT * FROM reports
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_REPORTS);
                        parentStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        ArrayList<Report> reports = new ArrayList<Report>();
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                String localpath = resultSet.getString("path");
                                if (localpath.toLowerCase().startsWith("http") == false) {
                                        // make path absolute
                                        localpath = Paths.get(getDbDirPath(), localpath).normalize().toString(); //NON-NLS
                                }

                                // get the report parent
                                Content parent = null;
                                long reportId = resultSet.getLong("obj_id"); // NON-NLS
                                String parentQuery = String.format("SELECT * FROM tsk_objects WHERE obj_id = %s;", reportId);
                                parentResultSet = parentStatement.executeQuery(parentQuery);
                                if (parentResultSet.next()) {
                                        long parentId = parentResultSet.getLong("par_obj_id");  // NON-NLS
                                        parent = this.getContentById(parentId);
                                }
                                parentResultSet.close();

                                reports.add(new Report(this,
                                                reportId,
                                                localpath,
                                                resultSet.getLong("crtime"), //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.getString("src_module_name"), //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.getString("report_name"),
                                                parent));  //NON-NLS
                        }
                        return reports;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error querying reports table", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeResultSet(parentResultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(parentStatement);

                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        public Report getReportById(long id) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                PreparedStatement statement = null;
                Statement parentStatement = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                ResultSet parentResultSet = null;
                Report report = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT * FROM reports WHERE obj_id = ?
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_REPORT_BY_ID);
                        parentStatement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.clearParameters();
                        statement.setLong(1, id);
                        resultSet = connection.executeQuery(statement);

                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                // get the report parent
                                Content parent = null;
                                String parentQuery = String.format("SELECT * FROM tsk_objects WHERE obj_id = %s;", id);
                                parentResultSet = parentStatement.executeQuery(parentQuery);
                                if (parentResultSet.next()) {
                                        long parentId = parentResultSet.getLong("par_obj_id"); // NON-NLS
                                        parent = this.getContentById(parentId);
                                }

                                report = new Report(this, resultSet.getLong("obj_id"), //NON-NLS
                                                Paths.get(getDbDirPath(), resultSet.getString("path")).normalize().toString(), //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.getLong("crtime"), //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.getString("src_module_name"), //NON-NLS
                                                resultSet.getString("report_name"),
                                                parent);  //NON-NLS
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No report found for id: " + id);
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error querying reports table for id: " + id, ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeResultSet(parentResultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeStatement(parentStatement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }

                return report;
        }

        public void deleteReport(Report report) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        // DELETE FROM reports WHERE reports.obj_id = ?
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.DELETE_REPORT);
                        statement.setLong(1, report.getId());
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                        // DELETE FROM tsk_objects WHERE tsk_objects.obj_id = ?
                        statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.DELETE_REPORT_TSK_OBJECT);
                        statement.setLong(1, report.getId());
                        statement.setLong(2, TskData.ObjectType.REPORT.getObjectType());
                        connection.executeUpdate(statement);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error querying reports table", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        static void closeResultSet(ResultSet resultSet) {
                if (resultSet != null) {
                        try {
                                resultSet.close();
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error closing ResultSet", ex); //NON-NLS
                        }
                }
        }

        static void closeStatement(Statement statement) {
                if (statement != null) {
                        try {
                                statement.close();
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error closing Statement", ex); //NON-NLS

                        }
                }
        }
        
        static void closeConnection(CaseDbConnection connection) {
                if (connection != null) {
                        connection.close();
                }
        }
        
        private static void rollbackTransaction(CaseDbConnection connection) {
                if (connection != null) {
                        connection.rollbackTransaction();
                }
        }

        void setIngestJobEndDateTime(long ingestJobId, long endDateTime) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();) {
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                        statement.executeUpdate("UPDATE ingest_jobs SET end_date_time=" + endDateTime + " WHERE ingest_job_id=" + ingestJobId + ";");
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error updating the end date (ingest_job_id = " + ingestJobId + ".", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        void setIngestJobStatus(long ingestJobId, IngestJobStatusType status) throws TskCoreException {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try (CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();) {
                        statement.executeUpdate("UPDATE ingest_jobs SET status_id=" + status.ordinal() + " WHERE ingest_job_id=" + ingestJobId + ";");
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error ingest job status (ingest_job_id = " + ingestJobId + ".", ex);
                } finally {
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public final IngestJobInfo addIngestJob(Content dataSource, String hostName, List<IngestModuleInfo> ingestModules, Date jobStart, Date jobEnd, IngestJobStatusType status, String settingsDir) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement;
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        connection.beginTransaction();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        PreparedStatement insertStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_INGEST_JOB, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                        insertStatement.setLong(1, dataSource.getId());
                        insertStatement.setString(2, hostName);
                        insertStatement.setLong(3, jobStart.getTime());
                        insertStatement.setLong(4, jobEnd.getTime());
                        insertStatement.setInt(5, status.ordinal());
                        insertStatement.setString(6, settingsDir);
                        connection.executeUpdate(insertStatement);
                        resultSet = insertStatement.getGeneratedKeys();
                        resultSet.next();
                        long id = resultSet.getLong(1); //last_insert_rowid()
                        for (int i = 0; i < ingestModules.size(); i++) {
                                IngestModuleInfo ingestModule = ingestModules.get(i);
                                statement.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO ingest_job_modules (ingest_job_id, ingest_module_id, pipeline_position) "
                                                + "VALUES (" + id + ", " + ingestModule.getIngestModuleId() + ", " + i + ");");
                        }
                        resultSet.close();
                        resultSet = null;
                        connection.commitTransaction();
                        return new IngestJobInfo(id, dataSource.getId(), hostName, jobStart, "", ingestModules, this);
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        rollbackTransaction(connection);
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error adding the ingest job.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public final IngestModuleInfo addIngestModule(String displayName, String factoryClassName, IngestModuleType type, String version) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                String uniqueName = factoryClassName + "-" + displayName + "-" + type.toString() + "-" + version;
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ingest_modules WHERE unique_name = '" + uniqueName + "'");
                        if (!resultSet.next()) {
                                resultSet.close();
                                resultSet = null;
                                PreparedStatement insertStatement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.INSERT_INGEST_MODULE, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                                insertStatement.setString(1, displayName);
                                insertStatement.setString(2, uniqueName);
                                insertStatement.setInt(3, type.ordinal());
                                insertStatement.setString(4, version);
                                connection.executeUpdate(insertStatement);
                                resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys();
                                resultSet.next();
                                long id = resultSet.getLong(1); //last_insert_rowid()
                                resultSet.close();
                                resultSet = null;
                                return new IngestModuleInfo(id, displayName, uniqueName, type, version);
                        } else {
                                return new IngestModuleInfo(resultSet.getInt("ingest_module_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("unique_name"), IngestModuleType.fromID(resultSet.getInt("type_id")), resultSet.getString("version"));
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        try {
                                closeStatement(statement);
                                if (connection != null) {
                                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ingest_modules WHERE unique_name = '" + uniqueName + "'");
                                        if (resultSet.next()) {
                                                return new IngestModuleInfo(resultSet.getInt("ingest_module_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                                uniqueName, IngestModuleType.fromID(resultSet.getInt("type_id")), resultSet.getString("version"));
                                        }
                                }
                                throw new TskCoreException("Couldn't add new module to database.", ex);
                        } catch (SQLException ex1) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Couldn't add new module to database.", ex1);
                        }
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                }
        }

        public final List<IngestJobInfo> getIngestJobs() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                List<IngestJobInfo> ingestJobs = new ArrayList<>();
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ingest_jobs");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                ingestJobs.add(new IngestJobInfo(resultSet.getInt("ingest_job_id"), resultSet.getLong("obj_id"),
                                                resultSet.getString("host_name"), new Date(resultSet.getLong("start_date_time")),
                                                new Date(resultSet.getLong("end_date_time")), IngestJobStatusType.fromID(resultSet.getInt("status_id")),
                                                resultSet.getString("settings_dir"), this.getIngestModules(resultSet.getInt("ingest_job_id"), connection), this));
                        }
                        return ingestJobs;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Couldn't get the ingest jobs.", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        private List<IngestModuleInfo> getIngestModules(int ingestJobId, CaseDbConnection connection) throws SQLException {
                ResultSet resultSet = null;
                Statement statement = null;
                List<IngestModuleInfo> ingestModules = new ArrayList<>();
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        statement = connection.createStatement();
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT ingest_job_modules.ingest_module_id AS ingest_module_id, "
                                        + "ingest_job_modules.pipeline_position AS pipeline_position, "
                                        + "ingest_modules.display_name AS display_name, ingest_modules.unique_name AS unique_name, "
                                        + "ingest_modules.type_id AS type_id, ingest_modules.version AS version "
                                        + "FROM ingest_job_modules, ingest_modules "
                                        + "WHERE ingest_job_modules.ingest_job_id = " + ingestJobId + " "
                                        + "AND ingest_modules.ingest_module_id = ingest_job_modules.ingest_module_id "
                                        + "ORDER BY (ingest_job_modules.pipeline_position);");
                        while (resultSet.next()) {
                                ingestModules.add(new IngestModuleInfo(resultSet.getInt("ingest_module_id"), resultSet.getString("display_name"),
                                                resultSet.getString("unique_name"), IngestModuleType.fromID(resultSet.getInt("type_id")), resultSet.getString("version")));
                        }
                        return ingestModules;
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(resultSet);
                        closeStatement(statement);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();

                }
        }

        String getInsertOrIgnoreSQL(String sql) {
                switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                        case POSTGRESQL:
                                return " INSERT " + sql + " ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING "; //NON-NLS
                        case SQLITE:
                                return " INSERT OR IGNORE " + sql; //NON-NLS
                        default:
                                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported DB type: " + getDatabaseType().name());
                }
        }

        static class ObjectInfo {

                private long id;
                private TskData.ObjectType type;

                ObjectInfo(long id, ObjectType type) {
                        this.id = id;
                        this.type = type;
                }

                long getId() {
                        return id;
                }

                TskData.ObjectType getType() {
                        return type;
                }
        }

        private interface DbCommand {

                void execute() throws SQLException;
        }

        private enum PREPARED_STATEMENT {

                SELECT_ARTIFACTS_BY_TYPE("SELECT artifact_id, obj_id FROM blackboard_artifacts " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE artifact_type_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_OF_TYPE("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_type_id = ? AND review_status_id != " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID()), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_OF_TYPE_BY_DATA_SOURCE("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE data_source_obj_id = ? AND artifact_type_id = ? AND review_status_id != " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID()), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_FROM_SOURCE("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE obj_id = ? AND review_status_id != " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID()), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_SOURCE_AND_TYPE("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE obj_id = ? AND artifact_type_id = ? AND review_status_id != " + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.REJECTED.getID()), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT("SELECT tsk_files.* " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ? ) " //NON-NLS
                                + "ORDER BY tsk_files.meta_type DESC, LOWER(tsk_files.name)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT_AND_TYPE("SELECT tsk_files.* " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ? AND tsk_files.type = ? ) " //NON-NLS
                                + "ORDER BY tsk_files.dir_type, LOWER(tsk_files.name)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_PARENT_AND_NAME("SELECT tsk_files.* " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ? AND " //NON-NLS
                                + "LOWER(tsk_files.name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(tsk_files.name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%')) "//NON-NLS
                                + "ORDER BY tsk_files.dir_type, LOWER(tsk_files.name)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_PARENT_AND_NAME("SELECT tsk_files.* " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE tsk_files.extension = ? AND "
                                + "(tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ? AND " //NON-NLS
                                + "LOWER(tsk_files.name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(tsk_files.name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%')) "//NON-NLS
                                + "ORDER BY tsk_files.dir_type, LOWER(tsk_files.name)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_IDS_BY_PARENT("SELECT tsk_files.obj_id AS obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ?)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_IDS_BY_PARENT_AND_TYPE("SELECT tsk_files.obj_id AS obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN tsk_files " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=tsk_files.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ? " //NON-NLS
                                + "AND tsk_files.type = ? )"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_BY_ID("SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE obj_id = ? LIMIT 1"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_BY_ARTIFACT_OBJ_ID("SELECT * FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_obj_id = ? LIMIT 1"),
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TYPE_BY_ARTIFACT_OBJ_ID("SELECT artifact_type_id FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_obj_id = ? LIMIT 1"),
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_BY_ARTIFACT_ID("SELECT * FROM blackboard_artifacts WHERE artifact_id = ? LIMIT 1"),
                INSERT_ARTIFACT("INSERT INTO blackboard_artifacts (artifact_id, obj_id, artifact_obj_id, data_source_obj_id, artifact_type_id, review_status_id) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?," + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED.getID() + ")"), //NON-NLS
                POSTGRESQL_INSERT_ARTIFACT("INSERT INTO blackboard_artifacts (artifact_id, obj_id, artifact_obj_id, data_source_obj_id, artifact_type_id, review_status_id) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (DEFAULT, ?, ?, ?, ?," + BlackboardArtifact.ReviewStatus.UNDECIDED.getID() + ")"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_ANALYSIS_RESULT("INSERT INTO tsk_analysis_results (artifact_obj_id, conclusion, significance, priority, configuration, justification) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_STRING_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO blackboard_attributes (artifact_id, artifact_type_id, source, context, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_text) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_BYTE_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO blackboard_attributes (artifact_id, artifact_type_id, source, context, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_byte) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_INT_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO blackboard_attributes (artifact_id, artifact_type_id, source, context, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_int32) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_LONG_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO blackboard_attributes (artifact_id, artifact_type_id, source, context, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_int64) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_DOUBLE_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO blackboard_attributes (artifact_id, artifact_type_id, source, context, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_double) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_FILE_ATTRIBUTE("INSERT INTO tsk_file_attributes (obj_id, attribute_type_id, value_type, value_byte, value_text, value_int32, value_int64, value_double) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_DATA_SOURCE_AND_NAME("SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE LOWER(name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%') AND data_source_obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_DATA_SOURCE_AND_NAME("SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE extension = ? AND LOWER(name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%') AND data_source_obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_DATA_SOURCE_AND_PARENT_PATH_AND_NAME("SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE LOWER(name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%') AND LOWER(parent_path) LIKE LOWER(?) AND data_source_obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILES_BY_EXTENSION_AND_DATA_SOURCE_AND_PARENT_PATH_AND_NAME("SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE extension = ? AND LOWER(name) LIKE LOWER(?) AND LOWER(name) NOT LIKE LOWER('%journal%') AND LOWER(parent_path) LIKE LOWER(?) AND data_source_obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_FILE_MD5("UPDATE tsk_files SET md5 = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_IMAGE_MD5("UPDATE tsk_image_info SET md5 = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_IMAGE_SHA1("UPDATE tsk_image_info SET sha1 = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_IMAGE_SHA256("UPDATE tsk_image_info SET sha256 = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_IMAGE_MD5("SELECT md5 FROM tsk_image_info WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_IMAGE_SHA1("SELECT sha1 FROM tsk_image_info WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_IMAGE_SHA256("SELECT sha256 FROM tsk_image_info WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_ACQUISITION_DETAILS("UPDATE data_source_info SET acquisition_details = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_ACQUISITION_TOOL_SETTINGS("UPDATE data_source_info SET acquisition_tool_settings = ?, acquisition_tool_name = ?, acquisition_tool_version = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ACQUISITION_DETAILS("SELECT acquisition_details FROM data_source_info WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ACQUISITION_TOOL_SETTINGS("SELECT acquisition_tool_settings, acquisition_tool_name, acquisition_tool_version, added_date_time FROM data_source_info WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_LOCAL_PATH_FOR_FILE("SELECT path FROM tsk_files_path WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ENCODING_FOR_FILE("SELECT encoding_type FROM tsk_files_path WHERE obj_id = ?"), // NON-NLS
                SELECT_LOCAL_PATH_AND_ENCODING_FOR_FILE("SELECT path, encoding_type FROM tsk_files_path WHERE obj_id = ?"), // NON_NLS
                SELECT_PATH_FOR_FILE("SELECT parent_path FROM tsk_files WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_NAME("SELECT name FROM tsk_files WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_DERIVED_FILE("SELECT derived_id, rederive FROM tsk_files_derived WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_DERIVATION_METHOD("SELECT tool_name, tool_version, other FROM tsk_files_derived_method WHERE derived_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_MAX_OBJECT_ID("SELECT MAX(obj_id) AS max_obj_id FROM tsk_objects"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_OBJECT("INSERT INTO tsk_objects (par_obj_id, type) VALUES (?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_FILE("INSERT INTO tsk_files (obj_id, fs_obj_id, name, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, sha256, known, mime_type, parent_path, data_source_obj_id, extension, owner_uid, os_account_obj_id  ) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_FILE_SYSTEM_FILE("INSERT INTO tsk_files(obj_id, fs_obj_id, data_source_obj_id, attr_type, attr_id, name, meta_addr, meta_seq, type, has_path, dir_type, meta_type, dir_flags, meta_flags, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, md5, sha256, mime_type, parent_path, extension, owner_uid, os_account_obj_id )"
                                + " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), // NON-NLS
                UPDATE_DERIVED_FILE("UPDATE tsk_files SET type = ?, dir_type = ?, meta_type = ?, dir_flags = ?,  meta_flags = ?, size= ?, ctime= ?, crtime= ?, atime= ?, mtime= ?, mime_type = ?  "
                                + "WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_LAYOUT_FILE("INSERT INTO tsk_file_layout (obj_id, byte_start, byte_len, sequence) " //NON-NLS
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_LOCAL_PATH("INSERT INTO tsk_files_path (obj_id, path, encoding_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_LOCAL_PATH("UPDATE tsk_files_path SET path = ?, encoding_type = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_CHILD_OBJECTS_BY_PARENT("SELECT COUNT(obj_id) AS count FROM tsk_objects WHERE par_obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_FILE_SYSTEM_BY_OBJECT("SELECT fs_obj_id from tsk_files WHERE obj_id=?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_TAG_NAMES("SELECT * FROM tag_names"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_TAG_NAMES_IN_USE("SELECT * FROM tag_names " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE tag_name_id IN " //NON-NLS
                                + "(SELECT tag_name_id from content_tags UNION SELECT tag_name_id FROM blackboard_artifact_tags)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_TAG_NAMES_IN_USE_BY_DATASOURCE("SELECT * FROM tag_names "
                                + "WHERE tag_name_id IN "
                                + "( SELECT content_tags.tag_name_id as tag_name_id "
                                + "FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files"
                                + " WHERE content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id"
                                + " AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id =  ?"
                                + " UNION "
                                + "SELECT artifact_tags.tag_name_id as tag_name_id "
                                + " FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts "
                                + " WHERE artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id"
                                + " AND arts.data_source_obj_id =  ?"
                                + " )"),
                INSERT_TAG_NAME("INSERT INTO tag_names (display_name, description, color, knownStatus) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_CONTENT_TAG("INSERT INTO content_tags (obj_id, tag_name_id, comment, begin_byte_offset, end_byte_offset, examiner_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                DELETE_CONTENT_TAG("DELETE FROM content_tags WHERE tag_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM content_tags WHERE tag_name_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE(
                                "SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files WHERE content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id"
                                + " AND content_tags.tag_name_id = ? "
                                + " AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id = ? "
                ),
                SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS("SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM content_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME("SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tsk_examiners.login_name "
                                + "FROM content_tags "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE tag_name_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE("SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id "
                                + "FROM content_tags as content_tags, tsk_files as tsk_files, tag_names as tag_names, tsk_examiners as tsk_examiners "
                                + "WHERE content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id"
                                + " AND content_tags.obj_id = tsk_files.obj_id"
                                + " AND content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id"
                                + " AND content_tags.tag_name_id = ?"
                                + " AND tsk_files.data_source_obj_id = ? "),
                SELECT_CONTENT_TAG_BY_ID("SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM content_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE tag_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_CONTENT_TAGS_BY_CONTENT("SELECT content_tags.tag_id, content_tags.obj_id, content_tags.tag_name_id, content_tags.comment, content_tags.begin_byte_offset, content_tags.end_byte_offset, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM content_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON content_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON content_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE content_tags.obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_ARTIFACT_TAG("INSERT INTO blackboard_artifact_tags (artifact_id, tag_name_id, comment, examiner_id) "
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                DELETE_ARTIFACT_TAG("DELETE FROM blackboard_artifact_tags WHERE tag_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS("SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tag_names.tag_set_id, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM blackboard_artifact_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_TAG_NAME("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifact_tags WHERE tag_name_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                COUNT_ARTIFACTS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE("SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts WHERE artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id"
                                + " AND artifact_tags.tag_name_id = ?"
                                + " AND arts.data_source_obj_id =  ? "),
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME("SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tsk_examiners.login_name "
                                + "FROM blackboard_artifact_tags "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE tag_name_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_TAG_NAME_BY_DATASOURCE("SELECT artifact_tags.tag_id, artifact_tags.artifact_id, artifact_tags.tag_name_id, artifact_tags.comment, arts.obj_id, arts.artifact_obj_id, arts.data_source_obj_id, arts.artifact_type_id, arts.review_status_id, tsk_examiners.login_name "
                                + "FROM blackboard_artifact_tags as artifact_tags, blackboard_artifacts AS arts, tsk_examiners AS tsk_examiners "
                                + "WHERE artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id"
                                + " AND artifact_tags.artifact_id = arts.artifact_id"
                                + " AND artifact_tags.tag_name_id = ? "
                                + " AND arts.data_source_obj_id =  ? "),
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAG_BY_ID("SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM blackboard_artifact_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id  "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_TAGS_BY_ARTIFACT("SELECT blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id, blackboard_artifact_tags.comment, tag_names.display_name, tag_names.description, tag_names.color, tag_names.knownStatus, tsk_examiners.login_name, tag_names.tag_set_id, tag_names.rank "
                                + "FROM blackboard_artifact_tags "
                                + "INNER JOIN tag_names ON blackboard_artifact_tags.tag_name_id = tag_names.tag_name_id "
                                + "LEFT OUTER JOIN tsk_examiners ON blackboard_artifact_tags.examiner_id = tsk_examiners.examiner_id "
                                + "WHERE blackboard_artifact_tags.artifact_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_REPORTS("SELECT * FROM reports"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_REPORT_BY_ID("SELECT * FROM reports WHERE obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_REPORT("INSERT INTO reports (obj_id, path, crtime, src_module_name, report_name) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                DELETE_REPORT("DELETE FROM reports WHERE reports.obj_id = ?"), //NON-NLS
                DELETE_REPORT_TSK_OBJECT("DELETE FROM tsk_objects where tsk_objects.obj_id = ? and tsk_objects.type = ?"),
                INSERT_INGEST_JOB("INSERT INTO ingest_jobs (obj_id, host_name, start_date_time, end_date_time, status_id, settings_dir) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                INSERT_INGEST_MODULE("INSERT INTO ingest_modules (display_name, unique_name, type_id, version) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)"), //NON-NLS
                SELECT_ATTR_BY_VALUE_BYTE("SELECT source FROM blackboard_attributes WHERE artifact_id = ? AND attribute_type_id = ? AND value_type = 4 AND value_byte = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_ATTR_BY_VALUE_BYTE("UPDATE blackboard_attributes SET source = ? WHERE artifact_id = ? AND attribute_type_id = ? AND value_type = 4 AND value_byte = ?"), //NON-NLS
                UPDATE_IMAGE_PATH("UPDATE tsk_image_names SET name = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"), // NON-NLS 
                SELECT_ARTIFACT_OBJECTIDS_BY_PARENT("SELECT blackboard_artifacts.artifact_obj_id AS artifact_obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "FROM tsk_objects INNER JOIN blackboard_artifacts " //NON-NLS
                                + "ON tsk_objects.obj_id=blackboard_artifacts.obj_id " //NON-NLS
                                + "WHERE (tsk_objects.par_obj_id = ?)"),
                INSERT_OR_UPDATE_TAG_NAME("INSERT INTO tag_names (display_name, description, color, knownStatus) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT (display_name) DO UPDATE SET description = ?, color = ?, knownStatus = ?"),
                SELECT_EXAMINER_BY_ID("SELECT * FROM tsk_examiners WHERE examiner_id = ?"),
                SELECT_EXAMINER_BY_LOGIN_NAME("SELECT * FROM tsk_examiners WHERE login_name = ?"),
                INSERT_EXAMINER_POSTGRESQL("INSERT INTO tsk_examiners (login_name) VALUES (?) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING"),
                INSERT_EXAMINER_SQLITE("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO tsk_examiners (login_name) VALUES (?)"),
                UPDATE_FILE_NAME("UPDATE tsk_files SET name = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"),
                UPDATE_IMAGE_NAME("UPDATE tsk_image_info SET display_name = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"),
                UPDATE_IMAGE_SIZES("UPDATE tsk_image_info SET size = ?, ssize = ? WHERE obj_id = ?"),
                DELETE_IMAGE_NAME("DELETE FROM tsk_image_names WHERE obj_id = ?"),
                INSERT_IMAGE_NAME("INSERT INTO tsk_image_names (obj_id, name, sequence) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_IMAGE_INFO("INSERT INTO tsk_image_info (obj_id, type, ssize, tzone, size, md5, sha1, sha256, display_name)"
                                + " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_DATA_SOURCE_INFO("INSERT INTO data_source_info (obj_id, device_id, time_zone, added_date_time, host_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_VS_INFO("INSERT INTO tsk_vs_info (obj_id, vs_type, img_offset, block_size) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_VS_PART_SQLITE("INSERT INTO tsk_vs_parts (obj_id, addr, start, length, desc, flags) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_VS_PART_POSTGRESQL("INSERT INTO tsk_vs_parts (obj_id, addr, start, length, descr, flags) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                INSERT_POOL_INFO("INSERT INTO tsk_pool_info (obj_id, pool_type) VALUES (?, ?)"),
                INSERT_FS_INFO("INSERT INTO tsk_fs_info (obj_id, data_source_obj_id, img_offset, fs_type, block_size, block_count, root_inum, first_inum, last_inum, display_name)"
                                + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"),
                SELECT_TAG_NAME_BY_ID("SELECT * FROM tag_names where tag_name_id = ?"),
                SELECT_TAG_NAME_BY_NAME("SELECT * FROM tag_names where display_name = ?");

                private final String sql;

                private PREPARED_STATEMENT(String sql) {
                        this.sql = sql;
                }

                String getSQL() {
                        return sql;
                }
        }

        abstract private class ConnectionPool {

                private PooledDataSource pooledDataSource;

                public ConnectionPool() {
                        pooledDataSource = null;
                }

                CaseDbConnection getConnection() throws TskCoreException {
                        if (pooledDataSource == null) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error getting case database connection - case is closed");
                        }
                        try {
                                return getPooledConnection();
                        } catch (SQLException exp) {
                                throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage());
                        }
                }

                void close() throws TskCoreException {
                        if (pooledDataSource != null) {
                                try {
                                        pooledDataSource.close();
                                } catch (SQLException exp) {
                                        throw new TskCoreException(exp.getMessage());
                                } finally {
                                        pooledDataSource = null;
                                }
                        }
                }

                abstract CaseDbConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException;

                public PooledDataSource getPooledDataSource() {
                        return pooledDataSource;
                }

                public void setPooledDataSource(PooledDataSource pooledDataSource) {
                        this.pooledDataSource = pooledDataSource;
                }
        }

        private final class SQLiteConnections extends ConnectionPool {

                private final Map<String, String> configurationOverrides = new HashMap<String, String>();

                SQLiteConnections(String dbPath) throws SQLException {
                        configurationOverrides.put("acquireIncrement", "2");
                        configurationOverrides.put("initialPoolSize", "5");
                        configurationOverrides.put("minPoolSize", "5");
                        /*
                         * NOTE: max pool size and max statements are related. If you
                         * increase max pool size, then also increase statements.
                         */
                        configurationOverrides.put("maxPoolSize", "20");
                        configurationOverrides.put("maxStatements", "200");
                        configurationOverrides.put("maxStatementsPerConnection", "20");

                        SQLiteConfig config = new SQLiteConfig();
                        config.setSynchronous(SQLiteConfig.SynchronousMode.OFF); // Reduce I/O operations, we have no OS crash recovery anyway.
                        config.setReadUncommited(true);
                        config.enforceForeignKeys(true); // Enforce foreign key constraints.
                        SQLiteDataSource unpooled = new SQLiteDataSource(config);
                        unpooled.setUrl("jdbc:sqlite:" + dbPath);
                        setPooledDataSource((PooledDataSource) DataSources.pooledDataSource(unpooled, configurationOverrides));
                }

                @Override
                public CaseDbConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException {
                        // If the requesting thread already has an open transaction, the new connection may get SQLITE_BUSY errors. 
                        if (CaseDbTransaction.hasOpenTransaction(Thread.currentThread().getId())) {
                                // Temporarily filter out Image Gallery threads
                                if (!Thread.currentThread().getName().contains("ImageGallery")) {
                                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, String.format("Thread %s (ID = %d) already has an open transaction.  New connection may encounter SQLITE_BUSY error. ", Thread.currentThread().getName(), Thread.currentThread().getId()), new Throwable());
                                }
                        }
                        return new SQLiteConnection(getPooledDataSource().getConnection());
                }
        }

        private final class PostgreSQLConnections extends ConnectionPool {

                PostgreSQLConnections(String host, int port, String dbName, String userName, String password) throws PropertyVetoException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
                        ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
                        comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass("org.postgresql.Driver"); //loads the jdbc driver
                        comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:postgresql://" + host + ":" + port + "/"
                                        + URLEncoder.encode(dbName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
                        comboPooledDataSource.setUser(userName);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setAcquireIncrement(2);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setInitialPoolSize(5);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setMinPoolSize(5);
                        /*
                         * NOTE: max pool size and max statements are related. If you
                         * increase max pool size, then also increase statements.
                         */
                        comboPooledDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setMaxStatements(200);
                        comboPooledDataSource.setMaxStatementsPerConnection(20);
                        setPooledDataSource(comboPooledDataSource);
                }

                @Override
                public CaseDbConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException {
                        return new PostgreSQLConnection(getPooledDataSource().getConnection());
                }
        }

        abstract class CaseDbConnection implements AutoCloseable {

                static final int SLEEP_LENGTH_IN_MILLISECONDS = 5000;
                static final int MAX_RETRIES = 20; //MAX_RETRIES * SLEEP_LENGTH_IN_MILLESECONDS = max time to hang attempting connection

                private class CreateStatement implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;
                        private Statement statement = null;

                        CreateStatement(Connection connection) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                        }

                        Statement getStatement() {
                                return statement;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                statement = connection.createStatement();
                        }
                }

                private class SetAutoCommit implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;
                        private final boolean mode;

                        SetAutoCommit(Connection connection, boolean mode) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                                this.mode = mode;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                connection.setAutoCommit(mode);
                        }
                }

                private class Commit implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;

                        Commit(Connection connection) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                connection.commit();
                        }
                }

                private class AggregateScoreTablePostgreSQLWriteLock implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;

                        AggregateScoreTablePostgreSQLWriteLock(Connection connection) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("LOCK TABLE ONLY tsk_aggregate_score in SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE");
                                preparedStatement.execute();

                        }
                }

                private class ExecuteQuery implements DbCommand {

                        private final Statement statement;
                        private final String query;
                        private ResultSet resultSet;

                        ExecuteQuery(Statement statement, String query) {
                                this.statement = statement;
                                this.query = query;
                        }

                        ResultSet getResultSet() {
                                return resultSet;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
                        }
                }

                private class ExecutePreparedStatementQuery implements DbCommand {

                        private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;
                        private ResultSet resultSet;

                        ExecutePreparedStatementQuery(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
                                this.preparedStatement = preparedStatement;
                        }

                        ResultSet getResultSet() {
                                return resultSet;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
                        }
                }

                private class ExecutePreparedStatementUpdate implements DbCommand {

                        private final PreparedStatement preparedStatement;

                        ExecutePreparedStatementUpdate(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) {
                                this.preparedStatement = preparedStatement;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
                        }
                }

                private class ExecuteStatementUpdate implements DbCommand {

                        private final Statement statement;
                        private final String updateCommand;

                        ExecuteStatementUpdate(Statement statement, String updateCommand) {
                                this.statement = statement;
                                this.updateCommand = updateCommand;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                statement.executeUpdate(updateCommand);
                        }
                }

                private class ExecuteStatementUpdateGenerateKeys implements DbCommand {

                        private final Statement statement;
                        private final int generateKeys;
                        private final String updateCommand;

                        ExecuteStatementUpdateGenerateKeys(Statement statement, String updateCommand, int generateKeys) {
                                this.statement = statement;
                                this.generateKeys = generateKeys;
                                this.updateCommand = updateCommand;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                statement.executeUpdate(updateCommand, generateKeys);
                        }
                }

                private class PrepareStatement implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;
                        private final String input;
                        private PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;

                        PrepareStatement(Connection connection, String input) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                                this.input = input;
                        }

                        PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement() {
                                return preparedStatement;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(input);
                        }
                }

                private class PrepareStatementGenerateKeys implements DbCommand {

                        private final Connection connection;
                        private final String input;
                        private final int generateKeys;
                        private PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;

                        PrepareStatementGenerateKeys(Connection connection, String input, int generateKeysInput) {
                                this.connection = connection;
                                this.input = input;
                                this.generateKeys = generateKeysInput;
                        }

                        PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement() {
                                return preparedStatement;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void execute() throws SQLException {
                                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(input, generateKeys);
                        }
                }

                abstract void executeCommand(DbCommand command) throws SQLException;

                private final Connection connection;
                private final Map<PREPARED_STATEMENT, PreparedStatement> preparedStatements;
                private final Map<String, PreparedStatement> adHocPreparedStatements;

                CaseDbConnection(Connection connection) {
                        this.connection = connection;
                        preparedStatements = new EnumMap<PREPARED_STATEMENT, PreparedStatement>(PREPARED_STATEMENT.class);
                        adHocPreparedStatements = new HashMap<>();
                }

                boolean isOpen() {
                        return this.connection != null;
                }

                PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT statementKey) throws SQLException {
                        return getPreparedStatement(statementKey, Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS);
                }

                PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT statementKey, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        // Lazy statement preparation.
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        if (this.preparedStatements.containsKey(statementKey)) {
                                statement = this.preparedStatements.get(statementKey);
                        } else {
                                statement = prepareStatement(statementKey.getSQL(), generateKeys);
                                this.preparedStatements.put(statementKey, statement);
                        }
                        return statement;
                }

                PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(String sqlStatement, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        PreparedStatement statement;
                        String statementKey = "SQL:" + sqlStatement + " Key:" + generateKeys;
                        if (adHocPreparedStatements.containsKey(statementKey)) {
                                statement = this.adHocPreparedStatements.get(statementKey);
                        } else {
                                statement = prepareStatement(sqlStatement, generateKeys);
                                this.adHocPreparedStatements.put(statementKey, statement);
                        }
                        return statement;
                }

                PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sqlStatement, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        PrepareStatement prepareStatement = new PrepareStatement(this.getConnection(), sqlStatement);
                        executeCommand(prepareStatement);
                        return prepareStatement.getPreparedStatement();
                }

                Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
                        CreateStatement createStatement = new CreateStatement(this.connection);
                        executeCommand(createStatement);
                        return createStatement.getStatement();
                }

                void beginTransaction() throws SQLException {
                        SetAutoCommit setAutoCommit = new SetAutoCommit(connection, false);
                        executeCommand(setAutoCommit);
                }

                void commitTransaction() throws SQLException {
                        Commit commit = new Commit(connection);
                        executeCommand(commit);
                        // You must turn auto commit back on when done with the transaction.
                        SetAutoCommit setAutoCommit = new SetAutoCommit(connection, true);
                        executeCommand(setAutoCommit);
                }

                void rollbackTransaction() {
                        try {
                                connection.rollback();
                        } catch (SQLException e) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error rolling back transaction", e);
                        }
                        try {
                                connection.setAutoCommit(true);
                        } catch (SQLException e) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error restoring auto-commit", e);
                        }
                }

                void rollbackTransactionWithThrow() throws SQLException {
                        try {
                                connection.rollback();
                        } finally {
                                connection.setAutoCommit(true);
                        }
                }

                void getAggregateScoreTableWriteLock() throws SQLException, TskCoreException {
                        switch (getDatabaseType()) {
                                case POSTGRESQL:
                                        AggregateScoreTablePostgreSQLWriteLock tableWriteLock = new AggregateScoreTablePostgreSQLWriteLock(connection);
                                        executeCommand(tableWriteLock);
                                        break;
                                case SQLITE:
                                        // We do nothing here because we assume the entire SQLite DB is already locked from
                                        // when the analysis results were added/deleted in the same transaction. 
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unknown DB Type: " + getDatabaseType().name());
                        }
                }

                ResultSet executeQuery(Statement statement, String query) throws SQLException {
                        ExecuteQuery queryCommand = new ExecuteQuery(statement, query);
                        executeCommand(queryCommand);
                        return queryCommand.getResultSet();
                }

                ResultSet executeQuery(PreparedStatement statement) throws SQLException {
                        ExecutePreparedStatementQuery executePreparedStatementQuery = new ExecutePreparedStatementQuery(statement);
                        executeCommand(executePreparedStatementQuery);
                        return executePreparedStatementQuery.getResultSet();
                }

                void executeUpdate(Statement statement, String update) throws SQLException {
                        executeUpdate(statement, update, Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS);
                }

                void executeUpdate(Statement statement, String update, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        ExecuteStatementUpdate executeStatementUpdate = new ExecuteStatementUpdate(statement, update);
                        executeCommand(executeStatementUpdate);
                }

                void executeUpdate(PreparedStatement statement) throws SQLException {
                        ExecutePreparedStatementUpdate executePreparedStatementUpdate = new ExecutePreparedStatementUpdate(statement);
                        executeCommand(executePreparedStatementUpdate);
                }

                @Override
                public void close() {
                        try {
                                for (PreparedStatement stmt : preparedStatements.values()) {
                                        closeStatement(stmt);
                                }
                                for (PreparedStatement stmt : adHocPreparedStatements.values()) {
                                        closeStatement(stmt);
                                }
                                connection.close();
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to close connection to case database", ex);
                        }
                }

                Connection getConnection() {
                        return this.connection;
                }
        }

        private final class SQLiteConnection extends CaseDbConnection {

                private static final int DATABASE_LOCKED_ERROR = 0; // This should be 6 according to documentation, but it has been observed to be 0.
                private static final int SQLITE_BUSY_ERROR = 5;

                SQLiteConnection(Connection conn) {
                        super(conn);
                }

                @Override
                void executeCommand(DbCommand command) throws SQLException {
                        int retryCounter = 0;
                        while (true) {
                                try {
                                        command.execute(); // Perform the operation
                                        break;
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        if ((ex.getErrorCode() == SQLITE_BUSY_ERROR || ex.getErrorCode() == DATABASE_LOCKED_ERROR) && retryCounter < MAX_RETRIES) {
                                                try {

                                                        // We do not notify of error here, as this is not an
                                                        // error condition. It is likely a temporary busy or
                                                        // locked issue and we will retry.
                                                        retryCounter++;
                                                        Thread.sleep(SLEEP_LENGTH_IN_MILLISECONDS);
                                                } catch (InterruptedException exp) {
                                                        Logger.getLogger(SleuthkitCase.class.getName()).log(Level.WARNING, "Unexpectedly unable to wait for database.", exp);
                                                }
                                        } else {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        private final class PostgreSQLConnection extends CaseDbConnection {

                private final String COMMUNICATION_ERROR = PSQLState.COMMUNICATION_ERROR.getState();
                private final String SYSTEM_ERROR = PSQLState.SYSTEM_ERROR.getState();
                private final String UNKNOWN_STATE = PSQLState.UNKNOWN_STATE.getState();
                private static final int MAX_RETRIES = 3;

                PostgreSQLConnection(Connection conn) {
                        super(conn);
                }

                @Override
                void executeUpdate(Statement statement, String update, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        CaseDbConnection.ExecuteStatementUpdateGenerateKeys executeStatementUpdateGenerateKeys = new CaseDbConnection.ExecuteStatementUpdateGenerateKeys(statement, update, generateKeys);
                        executeCommand(executeStatementUpdateGenerateKeys);
                }

                @Override
                PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sqlStatement, int generateKeys) throws SQLException {
                        CaseDbConnection.PrepareStatementGenerateKeys prepareStatementGenerateKeys = new CaseDbConnection.PrepareStatementGenerateKeys(this.getConnection(), sqlStatement, generateKeys);
                        executeCommand(prepareStatementGenerateKeys);
                        return prepareStatementGenerateKeys.getPreparedStatement();
                }

                @Override
                void executeCommand(DbCommand command) throws SQLException {
                        SQLException lastException = null;
                        for (int retries = 0; retries < MAX_RETRIES; retries++) {
                                try {
                                        command.execute();
                                        lastException = null; // reset since we had a successful execution
                                        break;
                                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                        lastException = ex;
                                        String sqlState = ex.getSQLState();
                                        if (sqlState == null || sqlState.equals(COMMUNICATION_ERROR) || sqlState.equals(SYSTEM_ERROR) || sqlState.equals(UNKNOWN_STATE)) {
                                                try {
                                                        Thread.sleep(SLEEP_LENGTH_IN_MILLISECONDS);
                                                } catch (InterruptedException exp) {
                                                        Logger.getLogger(SleuthkitCase.class.getName()).log(Level.WARNING, "Unexpectedly unable to wait for database.", exp);
                                                }
                                        } else {
                                                throw ex;
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        // rethrow the exception if we bailed because of too many retries
                        if (lastException != null) {
                                throw lastException;
                        }
                }
        }

        public static final class CaseDbTransaction {

                private final CaseDbConnection connection;
                private SleuthkitCase sleuthkitCase;

                // A collection of object score changes that ocuured as part of this transaction.
                // When the transaction is committed, events are fired to notify any listeners.
                // Score changes are stored as a map keyed by objId to prevent duplicates.
                private Map<Long, ScoreChange> scoreChangeMap = new HashMap<>();
                private List<Host> hostsAdded = new ArrayList<>();
                private List<OsAccount> accountsChanged = new ArrayList<>();
                private List<OsAccount> accountsAdded = new ArrayList<>();
                private List<Long> deletedOsAccountObjectIds = new ArrayList<>();
                private List<Long> deletedResultObjectIds = new ArrayList<>();

                private static Set<Long> threadsWithOpenTransaction = new HashSet<>();
                private static final Object threadsWithOpenTransactionLock = new Object();

                private CaseDbTransaction(SleuthkitCase sleuthkitCase) throws TskCoreException {
                        this.sleuthkitCase = sleuthkitCase;

                        sleuthkitCase.acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                        this.connection = sleuthkitCase.getConnection();
                        try {
                                synchronized (threadsWithOpenTransactionLock) {
                                        this.connection.beginTransaction();
                                        threadsWithOpenTransaction.add(Thread.currentThread().getId());
                                }
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                sleuthkitCase.releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                                throw new TskCoreException("Failed to create transaction on case database", ex);
                        }

                }

                CaseDbConnection getConnection() {
                        return this.connection;
                }

                void registerScoreChange(ScoreChange scoreChange) {
                        scoreChangeMap.put(scoreChange.getObjectId(), scoreChange);
                }

                void registerAddedHost(Host host) {
                        if (host != null) {
                                this.hostsAdded.add(host);
                        }
                }

                void registerChangedOsAccount(OsAccount account) {
                        if (account != null) {
                                accountsChanged.add(account);
                        }
                }

                void registerDeletedOsAccount(long osAccountObjId) {
                        deletedOsAccountObjectIds.add(osAccountObjId);
                }

                void registerAddedOsAccount(OsAccount account) {
                        if (account != null) {
                                accountsAdded.add(account);
                        }
                }

                void registerDeletedAnalysisResult(long analysisResultObjId) {
                        this.deletedResultObjectIds.add(analysisResultObjId);
                }

                private static boolean hasOpenTransaction(long threadId) {
                        synchronized (threadsWithOpenTransactionLock) {
                                return threadsWithOpenTransaction.contains(threadId);
                        }
                }

                public void commit() throws TskCoreException {
                        try {
                                this.connection.commitTransaction();
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Failed to commit transaction on case database", ex);
                        } finally {
                                close();

                                if (!scoreChangeMap.isEmpty()) {
                                        Map<Long, List<ScoreChange>> changesByDataSource = scoreChangeMap.values().stream()
                                                        .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(ScoreChange::getDataSourceObjectId));
                                        for (Map.Entry<Long, List<ScoreChange>> entry : changesByDataSource.entrySet()) {
                                                sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.AggregateScoresChangedEvent(entry.getKey(), ImmutableSet.copyOf(entry.getValue())));
                                        }
                                }
                                if (!hostsAdded.isEmpty()) {
                                        sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.HostsAddedTskEvent(hostsAdded));
                                }
                                if (!accountsAdded.isEmpty()) {
                                        sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.OsAccountsAddedTskEvent(accountsAdded));
                                }
                                if (!accountsChanged.isEmpty()) {
                                        sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.OsAccountsUpdatedTskEvent(accountsChanged));
                                }
                                if (!deletedOsAccountObjectIds.isEmpty()) {
                                        sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.OsAccountsDeletedTskEvent(deletedOsAccountObjectIds));
                                }
                                if (!deletedResultObjectIds.isEmpty()) {
                                        sleuthkitCase.fireTSKEvent(new TskEvent.AnalysisResultsDeletedTskEvent(deletedResultObjectIds));
                                }
                        }
                }

                public void rollback() throws TskCoreException {
                        try {
                                this.connection.rollbackTransactionWithThrow();
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Case database transaction rollback failed", ex);
                        } finally {
                                close();
                        }
                }

                void close() {
                        this.connection.close();
                        sleuthkitCase.releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
                        synchronized (threadsWithOpenTransactionLock) {
                                threadsWithOpenTransaction.remove(Thread.currentThread().getId());
                        }
                }
        }

        public final class CaseDbQuery implements AutoCloseable {

                private ResultSet resultSet;
                private CaseDbConnection connection;

                private CaseDbQuery(String query) throws TskCoreException {
                        this(query, false);
                }

                private CaseDbQuery(String query, boolean allowWriteQuery) throws TskCoreException {
                        if (!allowWriteQuery) {
                                if (!query.regionMatches(true, 0, "SELECT", 0, "SELECT".length())) {
                                        throw new TskCoreException("Unsupported query: Only SELECT queries are supported.");
                                }
                        }
                        
                        SleuthkitCase.this.acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        try {
                                connection = connections.getConnection();
                                resultSet = connection.executeQuery(connection.createStatement(), query);
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                SleuthkitCase.this.releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error executing query: ", ex);
                        } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                                SleuthkitCase.this.releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                                throw ex;
                        }
                }

                public ResultSet getResultSet() {
                        return resultSet;
                }

                @Override
                public void close() throws TskCoreException {
                        try {
                                if (resultSet != null) {
                                        final Statement statement = resultSet.getStatement();
                                        if (statement != null) {
                                                statement.close();
                                        }
                                        resultSet.close();
                                }
                                closeConnection(connection);
                        } catch (SQLException ex) {
                                throw new TskCoreException("Error closing query: ", ex);
                        } finally {
                                SleuthkitCase.this.releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                        }
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void addErrorObserver(ErrorObserver observer) {
                sleuthkitCaseErrorObservers.add(observer);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void removeErrorObserver(ErrorObserver observer) {
                int i = sleuthkitCaseErrorObservers.indexOf(observer);
                if (i >= 0) {
                        sleuthkitCaseErrorObservers.remove(i);
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void submitError(String context, String errorMessage) {
                for (ErrorObserver observer : sleuthkitCaseErrorObservers) {
                        if (observer != null) {
                                try {
                                        observer.receiveError(context, errorMessage);
                                } catch (Exception ex) {
                                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Observer client unable to receive message: {0}, {1}", new Object[]{context, errorMessage, ex});

                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public interface ErrorObserver {

                public enum Context {

                        IMAGE_READ_ERROR("Image File Read Error"),
                        DATABASE_READ_ERROR("Database Read Error");

                        private final String contextString;

                        private Context(String context) {
                                this.contextString = context;
                        }

                        public String getContextString() {
                                return contextString;
                        }
                };

                void receiveError(String context, String errorMessage);
        }

        @Deprecated
        long getDataSourceObjectId(long objectId) {
                try {
                        CaseDbConnection connection = connections.getConnection();
                        try {
                                return getDataSourceObjectId(connection, objectId);
                        } finally {
                                closeConnection(connection);
                        }
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error getting data source object id for a file", ex);
                        return 0;
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public long getLastObjectId() throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        
                        // SELECT MAX(obj_id) AS max_obj_id FROM tsk_objects
                        PreparedStatement statement = connection.getPreparedStatement(PREPARED_STATEMENT.SELECT_MAX_OBJECT_ID);
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(statement);
                        long id = -1;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                id = rs.getLong("max_obj_id");
                        }
                        return id;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting last object id", e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public List<FsContent> findFilesWhere(String sqlWhereClause) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT * FROM tsk_files WHERE " + sqlWhereClause); //NON-NLS
                        List<FsContent> results = new ArrayList<FsContent>();
                        List<AbstractFile> temp = resultSetToAbstractFiles(rs, connection);
                        for (AbstractFile f : temp) {
                                final TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM type = f.getType();
                                if (type.equals(TskData.TSK_DB_FILES_TYPE_ENUM.FS)) {
                                        results.add((FsContent) f);
                                }
                        }
                        return results;
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("SQLException thrown when calling 'SleuthkitCase.findFilesWhere().", e);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public int getArtifactTypeID(String artifactTypeName) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT artifact_type_id FROM blackboard_artifact_types WHERE type_name = '" + artifactTypeName + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        int typeId = -1;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                typeId = rs.getInt("artifact_type_id");
                        }
                        return typeId;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting artifact type id", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE> getBlackboardArtifactTypes() throws TskCoreException {
                return new ArrayList<BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE>(Arrays.asList(BlackboardArtifact.ARTIFACT_TYPE.values()));
        }

        @Deprecated
        public int addArtifactType(String artifactTypeName, String displayName) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        return addBlackboardArtifactType(artifactTypeName, displayName).getTypeID();
                } catch (TskDataException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Failed to add artifact type.", ex);
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public int addAttrType(String attrTypeString, String displayName) throws TskCoreException {
                try {
                        return addArtifactAttributeType(attrTypeString, TSK_BLACKBOARD_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.STRING, displayName).getTypeID();
                } catch (TskDataException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Couldn't add new attribute type");
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public int getAttrTypeID(String attrTypeName) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT attribute_type_id FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE type_name = '" + attrTypeName + "'"); //NON-NLS
                        int typeId = -1;
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                typeId = rs.getInt("attribute_type_id");
                        }
                        return typeId;
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting attribute type id", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public String getAttrTypeString(int attrTypeID) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT type_name FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE attribute_type_id = " + attrTypeID); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                return rs.getString("type_name");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No type with that id");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting or creating a attribute type name", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public String getAttrTypeDisplayName(int attrTypeID) throws TskCoreException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                Statement s = null;
                ResultSet rs = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        s = connection.createStatement();
                        rs = connection.executeQuery(s, "SELECT display_name FROM blackboard_attribute_types WHERE attribute_type_id = " + attrTypeID); //NON-NLS
                        if (rs.next()) {
                                return rs.getString("display_name");
                        } else {
                                throw new TskCoreException("No type with that id");
                        }
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                        throw new TskCoreException("Error getting or creating a attribute type name", ex);
                } finally {
                        closeResultSet(rs);
                        closeStatement(s);
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE> getBlackboardAttributeTypes() throws TskCoreException {
                return new ArrayList<BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE>(Arrays.asList(BlackboardAttribute.ATTRIBUTE_TYPE.values()));
        }

        @Deprecated
        public ResultSet runQuery(String query) throws SQLException {
                CaseDbConnection connection = null;
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                try {
                        connection = connections.getConnection();
                        return connection.executeQuery(connection.createStatement(), query);
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        throw new SQLException("Error getting connection for ad hoc query", ex);
                } finally {
                        //TODO unlock should be done in closeRunQuery()
                        //but currently not all code calls closeRunQuery - need to fix this
                        closeConnection(connection);
                        releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void closeRunQuery(ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
                final Statement statement = resultSet.getStatement();
                resultSet.close();
                if (statement != null) {
                        statement.close();
                }
        }

        @Deprecated
        public LayoutFile addCarvedFile(String carvedFileName, long carvedFileSize, long containerId, List<TskFileRange> data) throws TskCoreException {
                CarvingResult.CarvedFile carvedFile = new CarvingResult.CarvedFile(carvedFileName, carvedFileSize, data);
                List<CarvingResult.CarvedFile> files = new ArrayList<CarvingResult.CarvedFile>();
                files.add(carvedFile);
                CarvingResult carvingResult;
                Content parent = getContentById(containerId);
                if (parent instanceof FileSystem
                                || parent instanceof Volume
                                || parent instanceof Image) {
                        carvingResult = new CarvingResult(parent, files);
                } else {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Parent (id =%d) is not an file system, volume or image", containerId));
                }
                return addCarvedFiles(carvingResult).get(0);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public List<LayoutFile> addCarvedFiles(List<CarvedFileContainer> filesToAdd) throws TskCoreException {
                List<CarvingResult.CarvedFile> carvedFiles = new ArrayList<CarvingResult.CarvedFile>();
                for (CarvedFileContainer container : filesToAdd) {
                        CarvingResult.CarvedFile carvedFile = new CarvingResult.CarvedFile(container.getName(), container.getSize(), container.getRanges());
                        carvedFiles.add(carvedFile);
                }
                CarvingResult carvingResult;
                Content parent = getContentById(filesToAdd.get(0).getId());
                if (parent instanceof FileSystem
                                || parent instanceof Volume
                                || parent instanceof Image) {
                        carvingResult = new CarvingResult(parent, carvedFiles);
                } else {
                        throw new TskCoreException(String.format("Parent (id =%d) is not an file system, volume or image", parent.getId()));
                }
                return addCarvedFiles(carvingResult);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public DerivedFile addDerivedFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile, AbstractFile parentFile,
                        String rederiveDetails, String toolName, String toolVersion, String otherDetails) throws TskCoreException {
                return addDerivedFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                isFile, parentFile, rederiveDetails, toolName, toolVersion,
                                otherDetails, TskData.EncodingType.NONE);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        String md5, FileKnown known, String mimeType,
                        boolean isFile, TskData.EncodingType encodingType,
                        Content parent, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {

                return addLocalFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                md5, null, known, mimeType, isFile, encodingType,
                                parent, transaction);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile,
                        AbstractFile parent, CaseDbTransaction transaction) throws TskCoreException {
                return addLocalFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime, isFile,
                                TskData.EncodingType.NONE, parent, transaction);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public LocalFile addLocalFile(String fileName, String localPath,
                        long size, long ctime, long crtime, long atime, long mtime,
                        boolean isFile,
                        AbstractFile parent) throws TskCoreException {
                return addLocalFile(fileName, localPath, size, ctime, crtime, atime, mtime,
                                isFile, TskData.EncodingType.NONE, parent);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public AddImageProcess makeAddImageProcess(String timezone, boolean addUnallocSpace, boolean noFatFsOrphans) {
                return this.caseHandle.initAddImageProcess(timezone, addUnallocSpace, noFatFsOrphans, "", this);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public Collection<FileSystem> getFileSystems(Image image) {
                try {
                        return getImageFileSystems(image);
                } catch (TskCoreException ex) {
                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error loading all file systems for image with ID {0}", image.getId());
                        return new ArrayList<>();
                }
        }
        
        @Deprecated
        public List<AbstractFile> findFiles(Content dataSource, String fileName, AbstractFile parentFile) throws TskCoreException {
                return findFilesInFolder(fileName, parentFile);
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void acquireExclusiveLock() {
                acquireSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void releaseExclusiveLock() {
                releaseSingleUserCaseWriteLock();
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void acquireSharedLock() {
                acquireSingleUserCaseReadLock();
        }

        @Deprecated
        public void releaseSharedLock() {
                releaseSingleUserCaseReadLock();
        }
};